scholarly journals Local-scale environmental filtering shape plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in an isolated Amazonian tepui (Tepequém table mountain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prímula Viana Campos ◽  
Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer ◽  
Vanessa Pontara ◽  
Márcio Venícius Barbosa Xavier ◽  
José Frutuoso do Vale Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Table Mountain

scholarly journals Local-Scale Environmental Filtering Shape Plant Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Diversity in the Isolated Amazonian Tepui (Tepequém Table Mountain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prímula Campos ◽  
Carlos Ernesto Schaefer ◽  
Vanessa Pontara ◽  
Márcio Xavier ◽  
José Frutuoso Vale Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Table Mountain

Abstract Understanding how environmental drivers induce changes in plant composition and diversity across evolutionary time can provide important insights into the mechanisms of community assembly. We evaluated how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and structure of plant communities change along a local-scale edaphic and topographic gradient in the Tepequém table mountain, Brazilian Amazon. We selected three phytophysiognomies along the altitudinal gradient: Open Rupestrian Grassland, Shrubby Rupestrian Grassland, and Forest. We compared community composition and taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity between phytophysiognomies, and we tested regression linear effect models to investigate the effect of altitude and soil properties on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. The highest species richness and phylogenetic diversity were found at lower elevation for Forest. Mean pairwise phylogenetic distance, mean nearest taxon phylogenetic distance, and all standardised phylogenetic metrics were significantly lower in Shrubby Rupestrian Grassland. This phytophysiognomy showed phylogenetic clustering. Forest showed a cluster pattern when only terminal nodes are considered and random dispersion to deep phylogenetic nodes. Open Rupestrian Grassland also showed random phylogenetic structure. The regression analyses showed that species richness and different phylogenetic diversity metrics were explained by altitude and soil properties. However, standardised metrics were not explained by these environmental variables. Comprehensive studies including the role of environmental drivers in plant evolutionary history along the altitudinal gradient are necessary for explaining community assembly patterns and provide additional information for conservation planning.

scholarly journals The Use of DNA Barcoding to Assess Phylogenetic β-Diversity in Mid-Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Ge ◽  
Huang ◽  
Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Nuclear Region ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

The application of quantifying phylogenetic information into measures of forest β-diversity is increasing for investigating the underlying drivers of community assembly along environmental gradients. In terms of assessing evolutionary inferences of community processes, a variety of plant DNA barcodes has been widely used in phylogenetic diversity measurements. However, relatively few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of DNA barcodes with using nuclear region in estimating phylogenetic β-diversity, particularly for communities in tropical or subtropical forests. In this study, we employed DNA barcodes combing with the nuclear region to construct the community phylogeny and examined the patterns of phylogenetic β-diversity of three mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs) in South China. Three phylogenetic construction methods were performed, including a Phylomatic-generated tree and two ML trees based on the combination of rbcL +matK +ITS with or without a constrained tree. Our results showed that the DNA barcodes including nuclear ITS constructed a highly resolved phylogenetic tree, but the application of a constrained tree had little influence on estimation of phylogenetic diversity metrics (mean pairwise distances and mean nearest taxon distances) based on branch lengths. Using both metrics and their standardized effect size metrics, we found that the patterns of phylogenetic β-diversity in mid-subtropical forests were non-random. There was a slight decline of phylogenetic β-diversity with increasing latitudes, but no trend was found along the altitude gradient. According to the analysis of variation partition, both environmental filtering and dispersion limitation could explain the variation of phylogenetic dissimilarity between communities in mid-subtropical EBLFs of China. Our results highlight the importance of neutrality and the niche conservatism in structuring the patterns of species diversity in subtropical woody communities.

scholarly journals Roads as conduits of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic degradation in caatinga vegetation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Mesquita Mota ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Juan Fernando Carrión ◽  
João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

AbstractRoad networks cause disturbances that can alter the biodiversity and the functioning of the Caatinga ecosystems. We tested the hypotheses that (i) Caatinga vegetation near roads is less taxonomically, functionally and phylogenetically diverse, (ii) phylogenetically and functionally more clustered than vegetation further from roads, (iii) plant traits associated with herbivory deterrence are conserved within the phylogenetic lineages, and (iv) Caatinga vegetation near roads selects for disturbance-related traits. We sampled herbaceous and woody component of vegetation in four plots near roads and four plots further from roads to test these hypothesis. Sampled species were classified according to their resprouting capacity, nitrogen fixation, succulence/spines, urticancy/toxicity, lifeform, endozoochory, maximum height and maximum diameter, before we calculated the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of plant communities. Species richness, taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities were lower in plots close to the roads, confirming roads as sources of disturbances. The phylogenetic structure of the Caatinga vegetation near roads was clustered, indicating environmental filtering by herbivory as the main pervasive disturbance in Caatinga ecosystems, since traits related to herbivory deterrence were conserved within phylogenetic lineages and were filtered in near roads. Thus, roads should be considered degradation conduits causing taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional impoverishment of Caatinga vegetation.

Phylogenetic diversity in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot reflects environmental filtering and past niche diversification of trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruksan Bose ◽  
Brahmasamudra Ranganna Ramesh ◽  
Raphaël Pélissier ◽  
François Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Niche Diversification

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity patterns in Himalayan forests reveal evidence for environmental filtering of distinct lineages

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e02157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shooner ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies ◽  
Purabi Saikia ◽  
Jyotishman Deka ◽  
Sanjeeb Bharali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Himalayan Forests

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Barfknecht ◽  
David J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Exotic Invasion ◽  
Phylogenetic Composition ◽  
Exotic Grass

Abstract Background Few studies have incorporated the evolutionary insights provided by analysis of phylogenetic structure along with community composition to assess the effects of exotic invasion on freshwater wetlands. Here, we assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among acid seep springs to investigate the potential homogenization or resistance of communities due to invasion of an exotic grass. Results Multivariate community analyses indicated differences in community and phylogenetic composition and dispersion among acid seep springs, associated with gradients in soil moisture, canopy cover, and phylogenetic diversity. By contrast, univariate analyses showed differences in taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity among acid seep springs. Conclusions Despite exotic invasion, individual acid seep springs remained taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct from each other. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics revealed different aspects of composition, reinforcing the importance of including both in analyses of plant communities for understanding community assembly following exotic invasion and for management purposes. Within acid seep springs, taxonomic and phylogenetic composition appear to be driven more through environmental filtering by light and moisture than by the competitive effects following invasion of an exotic grass in support of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis.

scholarly journals What and When Local Predictors Drive Tadpole Diversity in Subtropical Temporary Ponds?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Anderson Dalmolin ◽  
Tiago Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Alexandro Marques Tozetti ◽  
Maria João Ramos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Depth Gradients ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

ABSTRACTWe evaluated seasonal variation in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity and redundancy of tadpoles in 401 points of 10 ponds in southern Brazil. We predicted i) congruent patterns between all components of diversity and environmental descriptors; ii) stronger effects of environment in the diversity components in seasons when the water level in ponds is low; iii) diversity components to be influenced by distinct sets of environmental factors in different periods. Predictions were tested using Linear Mixed Models. We observed positive influence of water depth on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, as well as on functional redundancy during periods when the water level in ponds is high. Phylogenetic redundancy was not explained by any of the selected environmental variables. When the water level in ponds is low none of the environmental descriptors affects any of the diversity components. Environmental filtering seems to strongly influence tadpole community structure in temporary ponds, at least in periods when water depth gradients create a variety of micro-habitats allowing diverse sets of species to settle and co-occur. These species sets are then filtered according to their swimming and foraging abilities along the depth gradient, where intermediate depths should contain the greatest tadpole diversity.

Phylogenetic Community Structure of Southern African Termites (Isoptera)

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Janine Schyra ◽  
Barbara Hausberger ◽  
Judith Korb
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Phylogenetic Overdispersion ◽  
Composition Changes

The processes that structure communities are still largely unknown. Therefore, we tested whether southern African termite communities show signs of environmental filtering and/or competition along a rainfall gradient in Namibia using phylogenetic information. Our results revealed a regional species pool of 11 species and we found no evidence for phylogenetic overdispersion or clustering at the local scale. Rather, our results suggest that the assembly of the studied termite communities has as strong random component on the local scale, but that species composition changes along the climatic gradient.

scholarly journals Functional diversity of Himalayan bat communities declines at high elevation without the loss of phylogenetic diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Chakravarty ◽  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Anand Krishnan ◽  
Viktoriia Radchuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Functional Dispersion ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

AbstractSpecies richness exhibits well-known patterns across elevational gradients in various taxa, but represents only one aspect of quantifying biodiversity patterns. Functional and phylogenetic diversity have received much less attention, particularly for vertebrate taxa. There is still a limited understanding of how functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity change in concert across large gradients of elevation. Here, we focused on the Himalaya—representing the largest elevational gradients in the world—to investigate the patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in a bat assemblage. Combining field data on species occurrence, relative abundance, and functional traits with measures of phylogenetic diversity, we found that bat species richness and functional diversity declined at high elevation but phylogenetic diversity remained unchanged. At the lowest elevation, we observed low functional dispersion despite high species and functional richness, suggesting a niche packing mechanism. The decline in functional richness, dispersion, and divergence at the highest elevation is consistent with patterns observed due to environmental filtering. These patterns are driven by the absence of rhinolophid bats, four congeners with extreme trait values. Our data, some of the first on mammals from the Himalayan region, suggest that in bat assemblages with relatively high species diversity, phylogenetic diversity may not be a substitute to measure functional diversity.

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