Fire Load Density Distribution in School Buildings and Statistical Modelling

CHARACTERISTIC VALUE OF THE RANDOM FIRE LOAD DENSITY, Probability-based specification depending on the way how the building compartment is used

Applications of Structural Fire Engineering ◽

10.14311/asfe.2015.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mariusz Maslak

Keyword(s):

Probability Distribution ◽

Formal Model ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Computational Procedure ◽

Fire Load ◽

Characteristic Value ◽

Fire Load Density ◽

The Way ◽

Design Techniques

<p>The algorithm that allows to specify the characteristic value of the random fire load density, depending on the way how the considered building compartment is used, is presented and discussed in detail. The proposed computational procedure is based on a probabilistic approach, the alternative in relation to the traditional methodology according to which the results obtained from the inventory of such a compartment are a basis for the evaluation. It is assumed that the sought value is estimated as the upper quantile of a <em>Gumbel</em> probability distribution which is set at an appropriate level of the probability of its up-crossing. The formal model described in the paper is referred to the two selected and qualitatively different design techniques which are used in practice. The first one is based on the recommendations contained in the Eurocode EN 1991-1-2, whereas the second - on the rules specified in the standard NFPA 557.</p>

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DESIGN FIRE LOAD DENSITY BASED ON RISK CONCEPT

Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) ◽

10.3130/aija.67.1_1 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 67 (551) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yoshifumi OHMIYA ◽

Takeyoski TANAKA ◽

Hiroaki NOTAKE

Keyword(s):

Fire Load ◽

Design Fire ◽

Fire Load Density ◽

Risk Concept

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Reliable assumptions for structural fire design of steel car parks

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering ◽

10.1108/jsfe-01-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Kristian Dahl Hertz ◽

Lars Schiøtt Sørensen ◽

Luisa Giuliani

Keyword(s):

Fire Protection ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Fire Spread ◽

Fire Load ◽

Fire Dynamics ◽

Content Type ◽

Car Park ◽

Fire Loads ◽

The Impact ◽

Fire Load Density

PurposeThis study aims to analyze and discuss the key design assumptions needed for design of car parks in steel, to highlight the impact that the increased fire loads introduced by modern cars and changes in the fire dynamics have on the design, such as fire spread leading to non-localized fires.Design/methodology/approachIn particular, a reliable fire load density to be used for structural design of car park structures is assessed, based on investigations of the fire loads of modern cars. Based on knowledge of fire load and fire performance of cars, the consequences on the fire safety design of steel structures are presented.FindingsDesign recommendation about fire load density and fire protection of common steel profiles are given. Finally, the proposed design is compared with a design practice that has been applied in many instances for car parks constructed with unprotected steel, and recommendations for a reliable design process are provided.Originality/valueNumerous car park buildings have recently been designed of steel structures without passive or active fire protection. The key assumptions that makes possible such design are local fire scenarios, outdated values of the car fire load and utilization of the ultimate steel strength. This paper identifies the shortcomings of such key assumptions, indicating the need for revisiting the methods and possibly even checking the analyses carried out for some already-built car parks.

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Improvement of the Assessment Method for Fire Resistance of Steel Structures in the Temperature Regime of Fire under Realistic Conditions

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1006.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1006 ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Taras Shnal ◽

Serhii Pozdieiev ◽

Oleksandr Nuianzin ◽

Stanislav Sidnei

Keyword(s):

Fire Resistance ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Fire Load ◽

Metal Structures ◽

Boundary State ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Standard Values ◽

Fire Load Density ◽

Actual Limit

There was researched the influence of fire temperature regimes, obtained by the proposed mathematical models, on the mechanical characteristics of metal structures. As a result, the identified patterns of the influence of the parameters of the premises with fires are shown as the slit coefficient decreases and the fire load density increases, the actual limit of fire resistance begins to decrease, as well as at values of fire load density less than 600 [MJ/m2], there is an area where the occurrence of a boundary state is not observed and Nomograms for determining the limit of fire resistance for steel structures at standard values of critical temperature were constructed and an appropriate method was developed.

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Evaluation Study on Mechanical Properties of Submarine Structural Steel at High Temperatures

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.212 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 815 ◽

pp. 212-215

Author(s):

In Kyu Kwon ◽

Hyung Jun Kim ◽

Heung Youl Kim ◽

Bum Yean Cho ◽

Kyung Suk Cho

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Steel ◽

Structural Stability ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Fire Load ◽

Framed Structures ◽

In Fire ◽

Fire Load Density ◽

Fire Outbreak

Steel framed structures have been increasingly built in Korea since the early 1970s and the use of submarine structural steel is being increased thanks to the easiness in welding and superior seismic performance. But, the risk of fire outbreak goes up because of the increase in fire load density. The evaluation of the structural stability of the structural frames at high temperatures can be done based on the mechanical properties of the applied steel at the high temperatures. In this paper, in order to get the fundamental data as to the structural stability of the steel frames built with submarine structural steel at high temperatures, coupon tests for SM 400, SM 490 and SM 520 at high temperatures were conducted and the results were compared with each other and with those of the euro-code for verification.

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