Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton) based on growth, protein deposition, lysine retention efficiency, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition

ABSTRACT: Tambaqui is intensively farmed because of its production characteristics; however, there is a lack of information lacks about the nutritional requirements of this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of various crude protein (CP) levels in the diets of tambaqui fingerlings. A total of 750 fingerlings with an initial weight of 0.35 ± 0.09 g were selected in a completely randomized design with six treatments (experimental feeds with 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, and 40% CP), five replicates, and 25 fish per experimental unit. Performance, survival rate, carcass yield, body composition, protein deposition, body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated after 45 days. CP levels did not affect the following: feed conversion, survival rate, moisture content, and carcass yield. However, with increasing CP levels, protein efficiency ratio decreased. Weight gain, feed conversion, and specific growth rate improved until CP levels of 31.57%, 28.90%, and 31.12%, respectively, were achieved. Quadratic effects of elevated CP levels on body fat and body fat deposition were observed at minimum CP levels of 26.55% and 23.77%, respectively; and on body protein, body protein deposition, and nitrogen retention efficiency at maximum CP levels of 29.26%, 32.50%, and 27.21%, respectively. We conclude that a CP level of 31.57% is recommended for the diets of tambaqui fingerlings weighing between 0.35 and 15.11 g, which corresponds to a digestible energy:CP ratio of 9.50 kcal DE/g CP.

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Protein Deposition Rate of Hybrid Boars and its Measurement

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600023394 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 10-10

Author(s):

T.A. Van Lunen ◽

D.J.A. Cole

Keyword(s):

Deposition Rate ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

High Protein ◽

Full Potential ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Deposition Rates ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Nutritional Strategies

The development of genotypes with high protein deposition rates (PDR) has brought into question previously accepted theories concerning growth, protein deposition and nutrient requirements of pigs. It is clear that the full potential for lean deposition of these new genotypes can only be realized if we adopt appropriate nutritional strategies. As a first step the work reported here was conducted to determine the protein deposition rate of highly selected hybrid boars and to evaluate nitrogen balance and carcass composition techniques for estimating PDR.

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METHIONINE PLUS CYSTINE TO LYSINE RATIO IN DIETS FOR TAMBAQUI JUVENILES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n124rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Flávio Oliveira Souza ◽

Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽

Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽

Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽

Thalles José Rêgo de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deposition Rate ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Quadratic Effects

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate ratio of methionine plus cystine to lysine in rations for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles, with initial weights of 0.28 ± 0.08 g and 0.94 ± 0.33 g. A randomized block design consisting of six treatments, five replicates in two blocks, and 20 fish per replicate was implemented. Six isolisinic (1.45%), isoenergetic, isophosphoric, and isocalcic diets, containing different ratios of methionine plus cystine to digestible lysine (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%) were used. Performance and feed efficiency variables, including body composition (moisture, protein, and fat), daily protein deposition rate, daily fat deposition rate, and nitrogen retention efficiency, were evaluated. The specific growth rate and feed conversion presented quadratic effects, with maximum effects from the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio of 64.4% and 64.8%, respectively. The increase in digestible methionine plus cystine intake resulted in a linear reduction in body fat content with the elevation of the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio. The digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio recommended in rations for tambaqui fingerlings is 64.8%.

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Lysine requirement for tambaqui juveniles

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2157

Author(s):

Janayra Cardoso Silva ◽

Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽

Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽

Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽

Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Block Design ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Body Protein ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Formulated Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement for lysine in the diet of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In total, 750 juvenile fish (0.34 ± 0.02g) were distributed in tanks arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments, five replications in two blocks, and 25 fish per unit, for 50 d. Six levels of digestible lysine were tested (1.30, 1.48, 1.66, 1.84, 2.02, and 2.20%), in formulated diets based on the ideal protein concept. The performance, feed efficiency, daily deposition of protein and body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The consumption of rations and protein, specific growth rate, body composition, and deposition of body fat were not influenced by the lysine levels tested. The consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly and the efficiency of digestible lysine for weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in lysine levels. The levels of digestible lysine that optimized weight gain and body protein deposition were estimated at 1.73 and 1.78%, respectively. The feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency were most improved at 1.66% and 1.84%, respectively. The recommended level of dietary lysine for providing better weight gain and body protein deposition in juvenile tambaqui is 1.78%, equivalent to 2.00% total lysine.

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Separate and combined effects of ephedrine and caffeine on protein and lipid deposition in finishing pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800008468 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Oksbjerg ◽

M. T. Sørensen

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Deposition Rate ◽

Energy Deposition ◽

Accretion Rate ◽

Muscle Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Dose Response Study

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of an ephedrine (Eph)/caffeine (Caf) mixture on finishing (55 to 100 kg live weight) castrated male pigs. The first experiment was conducted as a dose-response study and showed that the mixture had an optimal effect on performance and carcass composition at a dietary inclusion level of approximately 56/560 mg/kg of Eph and Caf, respectively. In the second experiment, interactions between the compounds were studied by dietary inclusion of Eph (56 mg/kg) and Caf (560 mg/kg) separately or as a mixture (56/560 mg/kg). The mixture reduced food intake by 0·12 and improved the food: gain ratio by 0·08. Muscle protein deposition rate was increased proportionately by 0·25, lipid accretion rate was decreased proportionately by 0·27, and gross energetic efficiency of energy deposition decreased proportionately by 0·09. This resulted in a changed proportional carcass composition towards more muscle (0·08) and less fat (0·21) after treatment with the mixture. The reduction in food intake was sustained due to an interaction over the first 3 weeks of treatment changing to additive effects by the compounds. The increased muscle protein deposition rate after feeding the mixture was entirely due to Eph, while the decreased gross energetic efficiency of energy deposition was caused by Caf. On the other hand, both compounds contributed almost equally to the decrease in lipid accretion rate. These results show that an Eph/Caf mixture markedly improves performance and body composition in finishing castrated pigs.

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The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100040186 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 489-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

R. G. Campbell ◽

M. R. Taverner ◽

D. M. Curic

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Entire Male

ABSTRACTOne hundred entire male pigs growing between 20 and 45 kg live weight were used to investigate the effects on growth performance and carcass composition of eight concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP), ranging from 93 to 238 g/kg and three levels of food intake (giving mean daily digestible energy 15·6, 18·7 and 22·4 MJ).Growth rate improved with each increase in food intake and with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg (10·5 g lysine per kg) at all food intakes. Food:gain ratio (g food per g growth) improved with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg and with the first increase in food intake.The rate of protein deposition in the carcass (excluding viscera) increased with each increase in level of feeding, and with increases in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg. The results showed that for pigs given diets deficient in protein, the rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake and independent of energy intake. For pigs given diets adequate in protein, the rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake, and independent of protein intake.The carcass fat of pigs killed at 45 kg live weight decreased on all feeding treatments with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg, and was higher in pigs given the two higher levels of feeding than in those fed at the lowest level. The effect of feeding level on carcass fat content declined as the protein adequacy of the diet was reduced.

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Growth response of Catlacatla (Hamilton,1822) raised in manured tanks on low fishmeal diets,with a note on carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2016.63.4.52678-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

Author(s):

K. Manjappa ◽

P. Keshavanath ◽

B. Gangadhar

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dietary Lipid ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Catla Catla ◽

Average Weight ◽

Treated Fish

Low fishmeal diets (10%) with varied levels of maize (40-31%) and sardine oil (0-9%) were fed for 120 days to triplicate groups of catla (Catla catla Hamilton,1822) fingerlings (average weight 1.84-1.90 g) stocked @ 1 fish per m2 in cement tanks with soil base fertilised with poultry manure. Fish fed on diet containing 6% oil and 34% maize (T2) showed the highest (p<0.05) growth, followed by those received 9/31 (T3), 3/37 (T1) and 0/40% (T0) oil/maize supplemented diets. Food conversion ratio improved due to oil supplementation, while protein efficiency ratio was not affected significantly. Dietary lipid had a positive impact on carcass protein and lipid levels (p<0.05). Fish survival ranged from 90.73% in all the treatment groups to 92.58% in the control, without any significant (p>0.05) difference among them. Net fish production on termination of the experiment was lowest (820 g) in the control and the highest (1017.85 g) inT2 treatment. Viscerosomatic index (VSI) varied from 3.59 (T2) to 4.65% (T0) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) from 1.13 (T0) to 1.91% (T3). RNA/DNA ratio was highest (3.05) in T2 and lowest (1.84) in T0. An increase in intestinal amylase activity was observed in the treated fish, while intestinal protease and lipase activity showed increase only with higher levels of oil supplementation (6 and 9%). No difference (p>0.05) in enzyme activity was observed in the hepatopancreas of the control and treated fish. The results indicated beneficial effects of incorporating maize and fish oil in low fishmeal diet for catla.

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