scholarly journals Ontological Pluralism and Multi-Quantificational Ontology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Król ◽  
Józef Lubacz
Keyword(s):  
Existential Quantifier ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Ontological Pluralism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modes Of Existence ◽  
General Method ◽  
Formal Theories

AbstractThis paper explores some variants and aspects of multi-quantificational criteria of existence, examining these in the context of the debate between monism and pluralism in analytical philosophy. Assuming familiarity with the findings to date (summarized in broad terms at the outset), we seek to apply to these the newly introduced concepts of “substitution” and “substitutional model”. Possible applications of formal theories involving multiple types of existential quantifier are highlighted, together with their methods of construction. These considerations then lead to a thesis asserting the irrelevance of both multi-quantificational criteria and assumptions involving quantificational ontology to the debate between monism and pluralism in ontology. Many quantifiers cannot properly distinguish different modes of existence–as we aim to show by furnishing a general method for constructing counter-examples to any theory that assumes that different types of existential quantifier correspond to different modes of existence.

scholarly journals Visualizing Spatial Economic Supply Chains to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Yicheol Han ◽  
Stephan J. Goetz ◽  
Claudia Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Firm Location ◽  
Commodity Flows ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gravity Equations ◽  
General Method

This article presents a spatial supply network model for estimating and visualizing spatial commodity flows that used data on firm location and employment, an input–output table of inter-industry transactions, and material balance-type equations. Building on earlier work, we proposed a general method for visualizing detailed supply chains across geographic space, applying the preferential attachment rule to gravity equations in the network context; we then provided illustrations for U.S. extractive, manufacturing, and service industries, also highlighting differences in rural–urban interdependencies across these sectors. The resulting visualizations may be helpful for better understanding supply chain geographies, as well as business interconnections and interdependencies, and to anticipate and potentially address vulnerabilities to different types of shocks.

scholarly journals Relief Demand Calculation in Humanitarian Logistics Using Material Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Jianfang Shao ◽  
Changyong Liang ◽  
Xihui Wang ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Liang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Humanitarian Logistics ◽  
New Method ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Material Classification ◽  
Response Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Method

Demand calculation, which is the base of most logistics decisions and activities, is a critical work in humanitarian logistics (HL). However, previous studies on demand calculation in HL mainly focus on demand forecasting methodology, with many neglecting the checklist of critical supplies and practice background. This work proposes a new method for relief demand calculation by dividing the process into two parts: supply classification and demand calculation. A general method for classifying relief supplies and clarifying the checklist of relief items for multi-disaster and multiple natural scenarios is given in detail, followed by the procedure of demand calculation for each relief material. The authors present a case study to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method based on the disaster response practice in China. Detailed lists of relief demand for different types and severities of disaster are provided.

Construire un Espace Sémantique Pour Représenter la Polysémie D'un Marqueur Grammatical

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Victorri ◽  
Catherine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
Computer Implementation ◽  
Continuous Space ◽  
Space Analysis ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mathematical Formalization ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Abstract Operation ◽  
General Method

The study presented here constitutes an important part of a general project of modeling polysemy, which involves three steps: linguistic theory, mathematical formalization, and computer implementation. In this approach, two continuous spaces are to be constructed to model the behaviour of a polysemous expression: a contextual space to represent the context in which the expression appears and a semantic space to represent the different values that can be taken by this expression. We focus here on the problems involved in the construction of the semantic space, illustrating our general method on the example of the French adverb encore. After a brief description of our framework, we present a general methodology to represent the different meanings of the polysemous expression as regions of a continuous space. Analysis of a real corpus of utterances containing encore revealed a small number of typical values. There appear to be both (1) a unique semantic kernel of the expression, which defines the basic abstract operation associated with the expression, and (2) different features which have to be instanciated in every occurrence of the expression in context, and which determine the different dimensions of the semantic space. Then we show how different types of interpretative figures of a polysemous expression can be represented in this space.

scholarly journals A Facile and General Method for the Encapsulation of Different Types of Imaging Contrast Agents Within Micrometer-Sized Polymer Beads

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Yi Bai ◽  
Christine H. Moran ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Changjun Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Polymer Beads ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Method

Distribution of Non-Rubber Substances in Preserved Latex Part II. Acids

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
H. C. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
General Method

Abstract In a previous paper by the present author, a general method for determining the distribution of the nonrubber substances between the rubber-and-water phases in latex was described and results were given of its application to the study of the distribution of nitrogen and materials extractable with acetone. It was shown that the nitrogen associated with the rubber phase is of two different types, a small amount (about 0.02 per cent) being independent of particle size and consequently distributed throughout the mass of the rubber, whereas the remainder is a function of particle size, replaceable by surface-active materials, such as soaps, and is, consequently, situated at the surface of the particles. The surface nitrogen in ammoniated latex was variable, decreased with age of latex, could be partially desorbed at an alkaline pH by washing the latex, for instance, by dilution or repeated creaming, and is considered to represent the protective protein covering of the latex globules. The total variation experienced in unconcentrated ammoniated latices of varying ages was from 0.11 to 0.18 per cent, but in latex of good quality about six months old, surface nitrogen was 0.15 per cent, corresponding to about 1 per cent protein. Distribution experiments on the acetone extract showed that there is from 2 to 3 per cent of acetone-soluble substances associated with the rubber, of which less than one-half represents ammonium soaps at the surface of the particles. The surface of the rubber particles is, therefore, composed largely of protein and fat acids, and it was thought probable that the ratio between them might change, both during the life of a single latex and from one latex to another.

scholarly journals Visualizing Elemental Ontology in the Livre des propriétés des choses

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
Luke Sunderland
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Ontological Pluralism ◽  
Ecological Thought ◽  
Modes Of Existence

Abstract This essay offers an encounter with Bruno Latour’s account of ontological pluralism by way of a close reading of the Livre des propriétés des choses, Jean Corbechon’s fourteenth-century French translation of Bartholomaeus Anglicus’s encyclopedia. Engagement with Latour’s Inquiry into Modes of Existence enables a new reading of medieval encyclopedias that takes seriously Latour’s suggestion that premodern cosmologies retain importance for modern ecological thought while simultaneously challenging his arguments about the rigidity of ontologies based on ideas of nature, substance, and matter. This essay argues that the Livre deploys precisely such an ontology in dynamic and flexible ways. The varying visual programs in Livre manuscripts each configure the encyclopedia’s ontology differently, either making humans privileged observers of nature or positioning them as subject to its laws while adopting varying solutions for communicating ontological contentions to readers.

The Content of Horizontal Portals

2011 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Scott Bingley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Revenue Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Method

The word “portal” has been around for quite some time, but its use to describe a tool for electronic commerce has emerged only recently. This paper examines the definition of Web portals and a general method by which they might be classified. Literature related to the business model associated with horizontal portals is examined and synthesized to match revenue models with different types of horizontal portal content.

Term values in hybrid states

1950 ◽  
Vol 202 (1071) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Orbital Hybridization ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Method

In this paper a number of calculations are undertaken, which are considered necessary to a proper understanding of the factors governing orbital hybridization. A convenient classification of the different types of hybridization which arise for elements of the first short period is introduced. A general method is then developed for the calculation of the term values of the hybrid valence states associated with such atoms. This method is followed numerically for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, which are particularly interesting in chemistry.

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