scholarly journals Culturally modified trees and forest structure at a Kawésqar ancient settlement at Río Batchelor, western Patagonia

Human Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-597
Author(s):  
Lars Östlund ◽  
Gabriel Zegers ◽  
Benjamin Cáceres Murrie ◽  
Macarena Fernández ◽  
Robert Carracedo-Recasens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Culturally Modified Trees ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Past Land Use ◽  
Indigenous Land

AbstractIndigenous land use occurring on temporal scales over centuries or millennia shapes forests in specific ways and influences the dynamics of forest ecosystems. It is challenging to study such land use, but analysis of “culturally modified trees” (CMTs) can give precise spatial and temporal information on past land use by indigenous people. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of indigenous use of land and resources in Nothofagus forests by identifying CMTs and analyzing the forest structure dynamics in an ancient Kawésqar settlement site in western Patagonia. Our results show that there are CMTs at Río Batchelor and that the forest structure varies significantly within the site, indicating that Kawésqar people altered the forest by extracting various resources. We conclude that CMT studies have great potential in Nothofagus forests in southernmost America, but also face specific challenges due to environmental conditions and lack of corroborating historical information.

Rural radio and the everyday politics of settlement on Indigenous land

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Waller ◽  
Emma Mesikämmen ◽  
Brian Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Indigenous Land

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Country Hour radio programmes are produced regionally and promote specific understandings of rurality. This article presents an analysis that shows Indigenous people and issues are rarely sources or topics in Country Hour, and that stories about Indigenous land use are generally broadcast only if the land is used in a way that is seen as ‘productive’ through settler colonial eyes. It also argues the programme should include Indigenous voices and understandings of the land in imagining this space. It makes a theoretical contribution to media studies by extending on concepts of the ‘rural imaginary’ and ‘settler common sense’ to argue that the programme perpetuates a discourse that legitimates and valorises the use of ‘rural’ space for non-Indigenous people, concepts and activities. Indigenous people are noticeably absent and silent. Country Hour is therefore conceptualised as a media space that continues to transmit settler colonialism and its attendant myths.

scholarly journals Family Story on Land-Related Tradition as Base for Land-Use Management and Sustainable Development: The Case of Indigenous Mentawai

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.9) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Elfiondri . ◽  
Uning Pratimaratri ◽  
OslanAmril . ◽  
Dibya Prayassita SR
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Indigenous Land

Indonesian government is actively developing the indigenous villages of Mentawai. The development has brought social conflict over land and ineffective development due to the ignorance of the indigenous tradition on land. The indigenous people have a fanatically practiced tradition recorded in their family stories from which social norms on land are basically derived. Unfortunately, previous studies on the tradition in which there are rituals and taboos as the base for land-use management and development remains ignored and unexamined. The paper examines indigenous land-related tradition in village of Madobag Mentawai as basic social norms for indigenous land-use management and development. Its objectives are to identify indigenous social norms based on the tradition for possible land-use management and sustainable development. The study applies ethnography method based on theoretical approach of indigenous tradition and taboo on land. The result is that the indigenous people have a number of land-related traditions in which it is found rituals, taboos, sacred sites, and food, medical and ritual plants, plants for traditional home and canoe, and culturally important hunting area. The traditions include indigenous land-ownership, land-use for the indigenous, land-use for outsiders, and land-use for development. The traditions are social norms which should be seriously considered as base for land-use management and sustainable development. They can be as effective base for indigenous land-use management and development policy in using the land, solving social conflict over land, keeping social harmony, making policy on development, conserving environment and forest, and preserving indigenous Mentawai culture.  

scholarly journals Retrieving Secondary Forest Aboveground Biomass from Polarimetric ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 Data in the Brazilian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Luis Godinho Cassol ◽  
João Manuel de Brito Carreiras ◽  
Elisabete Caria Moraes ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de Aragão ◽  
Camila Valéria de Jesus Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Past Land Use

Secondary forests (SF) are important carbon sinks, removing CO2 from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis process and storing photosynthates in their aboveground live biomass (AGB). This process occurring at large-scales partially counteracts C emissions from land-use change, playing, hence, an important role in the global carbon cycle. The absorption rates of carbon in these forests depend on forest physiology, controlled by environmental and climatic conditions, as well as on the past land use, which is rarely considered for retrieving AGB from remotely sensed data. In this context, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of polarimetric (quad-pol) ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data for estimating AGB in a SF area. Land-use was assessed through Landsat time-series to extract the SF age, period of active land-use (PALU), and frequency of clear cuts (FC) to randomly select the SF plots. A chronosequence of 42 SF plots ranging 3–28 years (20 ha) near the Tapajós National Forest in Pará state was surveyed to quantifying AGB growth. The quad-pol data was explored by testing two regression methods, including non-linear (NL) and multiple linear regression models (MLR). We also evaluated the influence of the past land-use in the retrieving AGB through correlation analysis. The results showed that the biophysical variables were positively correlated with the volumetric scattering, meaning that SF areas presented greater volumetric scattering contribution with increasing forest age. Mean diameter, mean tree height, basal area, species density, and AGB were significant and had the highest Pearson coefficients with the Cloude decomposition (λ3), which in turn, refers to the volumetric contribution backscattering from cross-polarization (HV) (ρ = 0.57–0.66, p-value < 0.001). On the other hand, the historical use (PALU and FC) showed the highest correlation with angular decompositions, being the Touzi target phase angle the highest correlation (Φs) (ρ = 0.37 and ρ = 0.38, respectively). The combination of multiple prediction variables with MLR improved the AGB estimation by 70% comparing to the NL model (R2 adj. = 0.51; RMSE = 38.7 Mg ha−1) bias = 2.1 ± 37.9 Mg ha−1 by incorporate the angular decompositions, related to historical use, and the contribution volumetric scattering, related to forest structure, in the model. The MLR uses six variables, whose selected polarimetric attributes were strongly related with different structural parameters such as the mean forest diameter, basal area, and the mean forest tree height, and not with the AGB as was expected. The uncertainty was estimated to be 18.6% considered all methodological steps of the MLR model. This approach helped us to better understand the relationship between parameters derived from SAR data and the forest structure and its relation to the growth of the secondary forest after deforestation events.

Land Use History Mediates Soil Biogeochemical Responses to Drought in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Osburn ◽  
Julia S. Simpson ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
J. E. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Land Use History

The multiple landscapes of Biedjovággi: Ontological conflicts on indigenous land

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Kramvig ◽  
Dag Avango
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Indigenous Land ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this article, we engage with environmental conflicts on indigenous land through a focus on an attempt to gain social licence to reopen and operate the Biedjovággi mine in Guovdageainnu/Kautokeino in Sápmi, Norway. We argue that mining prospects bring forth ontological conflicts concerning land use, as well as ways to know the landscape and the envisioned future that the land holds. It is a story of a conflict between two different ways of knowing. The paper explores the Sámi landscape through different concepts, practices and stories. We then contrast this to the way the same landscape is understood and narrated by a mining company, through the programmes and documents produced according to the Norwegian law and standards. We follow Ingold’s argument that the Sámi landscape practices are taskscapes, where places, times and tasks are interconnected. These were not acknowledged in the plans and documents of the mining company. We conclude by addressing the tendency of extractive industries to reduce different landscapes in ways that fit with modern understandings, which oppose culture to nature.

scholarly journals Inferring past land use-induced changes in surface albedo from satellite observations: a useful tool to evaluate model simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Boisier ◽  
N. de Noblet-Ducoudré ◽  
P. Ciais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Past Land Use

Abstract. Regional cooling resulting from increases in surface albedo has been identified in several studies as the main biogeophysical effect of past land use-induced land cover changes (LCC) on climate. However, the amplitude of this effect remains quite uncertain due to, among other factors, (a) uncertainties in the extent of historical LCC and, (b) differences in the way various models simulate surface albedo and more specifically its dependency on vegetation type and snow cover. We derived monthly albedo climatologies for croplands and four other land cover types from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations. We then reconstructed the changes in surface albedo between preindustrial times and present-day by combining these climatologies with the land cover maps of 1870 and 1992 used by seven land surface models (LSMs) in the context of the LUCID ("Land Use and Climate: identification of robust Impacts") intercomparison project. These reconstructions show surface albedo increases larger than 10% (absolute) in winter, and larger than 2% in summer between 1870 and 1992 over areas that experienced intense deforestation in the northern temperate regions. The historical surface albedo changes estimated with MODIS data were then compared to those simulated by the various climate models participating in LUCID. The inter-model mean albedo response to LCC shows a similar spatial and seasonal pattern to the one resulting from the MODIS-based reconstructions, that is, larger albedo increases in winter than in summer, driven by the presence of snow. However, individual models show significant differences between the simulated albedo changes and the corresponding reconstructions, despite the fact that land cover change maps are the same. Our analyses suggest that the primary reason for those discrepancies is how LSMs parameterize albedo. Another reason, of secondary importance, results from differences in their simulated snow extent. Our methodology is a useful tool not only to infer observations-based historical changes in land surface variables impacted by LCC, but also to point out deficiencies of the models. We therefore suggest that it could be more widely developed and used in conjunction with other tools in order to evaluate LSMs.

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