Temperature and prey morphology influence attack rate and handling time in a predator–prey interaction

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles L. Robertson ◽  
Edd Hammill
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Morphology Influence

scholarly journals Prey body mass and richness underlie the persistence of a top predator

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1902) ◽  
pp. 20190622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Melissa Guzman ◽  
Diane S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Diversity ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Food Web Model

Predators and prey often differ in body mass. The ratio of predator to prey body mass influences the predator's functional response (how consumption varies with prey density), and therefore, the strength and stability of the predator–prey interaction. The persistence of food chains is maximized when prey species are neither too big nor too small relative to their predator. Nonetheless, we do not know if (i) food web persistence requires that all predator–prey body mass ratios are intermediate, nor (ii) if this constraint depends on prey diversity. We experimentally quantified the functional response for a single predator consuming prey species of different body masses. We used the resultant allometric functional response to parametrize a food web model. We found that predator persistence was maximized when the minimum prey size in the community was intermediate, but as prey diversity increased, the minimum body size could take a broader range of values. This last result occurs because of Jensen's inequality: the average handling time for multiple prey of different sizes is higher than the handling time of the average sized prey. Our results demonstrate that prey diversity mediates how differences between predators and prey in body mass determine food web stability.

Acaricide-impaired functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite, Amblyseius largoensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to the pest mite Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Edvânia Neves Barros ◽  
Francisco Wesller Batista Da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Pereira De Sousa Neto ◽  
Manoel Carlos Da Rocha Bisneto ◽  
Débora Barbosa De Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction ◽  
Raoiella Indica ◽  
Pest Mite ◽  
Prey Handling ◽  
Amblyseius Largoensis

The suppression of pest populations by a predator depends on two basic components of the predator-prey interaction: the functional and the numerical responses of the predator. Such responses can be affected by exposure to acaricides. In the present study, the effects of acaricides (abamectin, azadirachtin, fenpyroximate, and chlorfenapyr) on the functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite, Amblyseius largoensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) an important natural enemy of the pest mite, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), were investigated. The exposure of A. largoensis to acaricides occurred through contact with a surface contaminated with dried acaricide residue. Subsequently, A. largoensis exhibited a type II functional response, which was not altered by exposure of any acaricides. However, exposure to abamectin resulted in a decrease in the average mean numbers of prey consumed by a predator. Exposure to acaricides increased prey handling time by 67%, 25%, 38%, and 35% for abamectin, azadirachtin, fenpyroximate, and chlorfenapyr, respectively. Exposure to abamectin reduced the attack rate of A. largoensis by 52%. The numerical response of A. largoensis was only affected by exposure to abamectin, where just 60% of the females oviposited, and regardless of the prey density, the average mean numbers of eggs/female/day was always less than 0.4. The food conversion efficiency into biomass of A. largoensis eggs decreased with increasing prey density, and this trend was not altered by exposure to any acaricides. However, exposure to abamectin drastically compromised the oviposition of A. largoensis, showing no increase in egg production with increasing prey density.

scholarly journals Predator-prey Interaction between a Ciliated Protozoan Trochilioides recta and Filamentous Bacteria

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-245,231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minako KOGA ◽  
Takeshi SEGUCHI ◽  
Tadahiro MORI ◽  
Yuhei INAMORI ◽  
Ryuichi SUDO
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Ciliated Protozoan ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Interaction

Use of Functional Response Modeling to Evaluate the Effect of Temperature on Predation of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Adults Preying on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Nymphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Masood Amir-Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In this research, functional responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot preying on different Tetranychus urticae Koch nymphal densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were studied at eight constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C) in a circular Petri dish (3-cm diameter × 1-cm height) under lab conditions. At all temperatures, the logistic regression showed a type II functional response. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and attack rate and the reciprocal of handling time. The reciprocal of handling time decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. In contrast, the attack rate grew rapidly with increasing temperatures up to an optimum, showing a decreasing trend at higher temperatures. In order to quantify the functional response of A. swirskii over a broad range of temperatures and to gain a better estimation of attack rate and handling time, a temperature-settled functional response equation was suited to our data. Our model showed that the number of prey consumed increased with rising prey density. Also, the predation rates increased with increasing temperatures but decreased at extremely high temperatures. Based on our model, the predation rate begins at the lower temperature threshold (11.73°C) and reaches its peak at upper temperature threshold (29.43°C). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the random predator model was 0.99 for all temperatures. The capability of A. swirskii to search and consume T. urticae over a wide range of temperatures makes it a good agent for natural control of T. urticae in greenhouses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) larvae feeding on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

This study evaluated the functional response of the larva of the predator Chrysoperla carnea by offering varying densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) . Results showed conformity with type–II functional response, where the number of prey killed approaches asymptote hyperbolically as prey density increases (declining proportion of prey killed or the inverse density dependent) till it reached the stability stage determined by handling time and predator satiation. Also, the values of attack rate and handling time changed with age progress for both predator and prey. It has been observed an increase in the attack rate and reduction in handling time with the progress of the predator age when feeding on a particular nymphal instar. The attack rates of the predator was 1.779,3.406 and 4.219 ,while handling time was 0.015,0.010 and 0.008 (days) for 1st,2nd,3rd larval instars respectively, when fed on 1st nymphal instar. Also attack rates decreased and increases handling time with the progress in the prey. The attack rates were 1.779, 1.392, 1.096 and 1.059, due to an increase in size of the predator and in the growing efficiency in hunting the prey as well as in the increase in size of the prey and in developing its ability to defend itself and escape.

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