New Apparatus for Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat Measurements at Very High Temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1803-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hay ◽  
S. Barré ◽  
J-R. Filtz ◽  
M. Jurion ◽  
D. Rochais ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Swendsen

The main application of Fermi–Dirac Statistics is to calculate the properties of electrons. This chapter explains how the properties of fermions account for the behavior of metals. The Fermi energy is introduced and shown to correspond to a very high temperature, so that most properties can be obtained from low-temperature expansions. Both discrete and continuous densities of states are discussed. The Sommerfeld expansion is derived explicitly. The low-temperature specific heat and compressibility are derived. The most important fermions are electrons, and understanding the properties of electrons is central to understanding the properties of all materials. In this chapter we will study the ideal Fermi gas, which turns out to explain many of the properties of electrons in metals.


2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 064901 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pradère ◽  
J. M. Goyhénèche ◽  
J. C. Batsale ◽  
S. Dilhaire ◽  
R. Pailler

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Hay ◽  
Olivier Beaumont ◽  
Guillaume Failleau ◽  
Nolwenn Fleurence ◽  
Marc Grelard ◽  
...  

AbstractThe French National Metrology Institute LNE has improved its homemade laser flash apparatus in order to perform accurate and reliable measurements of thermal diffusivity of homogeneous solid materials at very high temperature. The inductive furnace and the associated infrared (IR) detection systems have been modified and a specific procedure for the in situ calibration of the used radiation thermometers has been developed. This new configuration of the LNE’s diffusivimeter has been then applied for measuring the thermal diffusivity of molybdenum up to 2200 °C, tungsten up to 2400 °C and isotropic graphite up to 3000 °C. Uncertainties associated with these high temperature thermal diffusivity measurements have been assessed for the first time according to the principles of the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM). Detailed uncertainty budgets are here presented in the case of the isotropic graphite for measurements performed at 1000 °C, 2000 °C and 3000 °C. The relative expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of the thermal diffusivity measurement is estimated to be between 3 % and 5 % in the whole temperature range for the three investigated refractory materials.


1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Goyheneche ◽  
Michel Laurent ◽  
Jean-François Sacadura ◽  
Michel Ferri ◽  
Christian Fort

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Maesono ◽  
Youichi Takasaki ◽  
Yukio Maeda ◽  
Ronald Tye ◽  
Junko Morikawa ◽  
...  

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (27) ◽  
pp. 1531-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad W. Hoff ◽  
Frederick W. Dynys ◽  
Steven C. Hayden ◽  
Rachael O. Grudt ◽  
Martin S. Hilario ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTIn order to begin to evaluate and model the suitability of high temperature ceramic composites, such as AlN:Mo, as susceptor materials for power beaming applications, the electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the material must be known at elevated temperatures. Work reported here focuses on the development of thermal property datasets for AlN:Mo composites ranging from 0.25% to 4.0% Mo by volume. To calculate thermal conductivity of the AlN:Mo composite series, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and density data were acquired. The calculated specific heat capacity, Cp, of the set of AlN:Mo composites was, on average, found to be approximately 803 J/kgK at 100 °C and to increase to approximately 1133 J/kgK at 1000 °C, with all values to be within +/- 32 J/kgK of the average at a given temperature. These calculated specific heat capacity values matched values derived from DSC measurements to within the expected error of the measurements. Measured thermal diffusivity, α, of the set of AlN:Mo composites was, on average, found to be approximately 3.93 x 10-1 cm2/s at 100 °C and to increase to approximately 9.80 x 10-2 cm2/s at 1000 °C, with all values within +/- 1.84 x 10-2 cm2/s of the average at a given temperature. Thermal conductivity, k, for the set of AlN:Mo composites was found to be approximately 108 W/mK at 100 °C and to decrease to approximately 38 W/mK at 1000 °C, with all values within +/- 5.3 W/mK of the average at a given temperature. Data trends show that increasing Mo content correlates to lower values of of Cp, α, and k at a given temperature.


Author(s):  
Melanie Patrick ◽  
Messiha Saad

Thermal characterization of composites is essential for their proper assignment to a specific application. Specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of carbon-carbon composites are essential in the engineering design process and in the analysis of aerospace vehicles, space systems and other high temperature thermal systems. Specifically, thermal conductivity determines the working temperature levels of a material and is influential in its performance in high temperature applications. There is insufficient thermal property data for carbon-carbon composites over a range of temperatures. The purpose of this research is to develop a thermal properties database for carbon-carbon composites that will contain in-plane (i-p) and through-the-thickness (t-t-t) thermal data at different temperatures as well as display the effects of graphitization on the composite material. The carbon-carbon composites tested were fabricated by the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) technique, utilizing T300 2-D carbon fabric and Primaset PT-30 cyanate ester resin. Experimental methods were employed to measure the thermal properties. Following the ASTM standard E-1461, the flash method enabled the direct measurement of thermal diffusivity. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry was performed in accordance with the ASTM E-1269 standard to measure the specific heat. The measured thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and density data were used to compute the thermal conductivity of the carbon-carbon composites. The measured through-the-thickness thermal conductivity values of all the materials tested range from 1.0 to 17 W/m·K, while in-plane values range from 3.8 to 4.6 W/m·K due to the effect of fiber orientation. Additionally, the graphitized samples exhibit a higher thermal conductivity because of the nature of the ordered graphite structure.


2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pradère ◽  
J.M. Goyhénèche ◽  
J.C. Batsale ◽  
S. Dilhaire ◽  
R. Pailler

Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox

Electron energy loss experiments combined with microscopy have proven to be a valuable tool for the exploration of the structure of electronic excitations in materials. These types of excitations, however, are difficult to measure because of their small intensity. In a usual situation, the filament of the microscope is run at a very high temperature in order to present as much intensity as possible at the specimen. This results in a degradation of the ultimate energy resolution of the instrument due to thermal broadening of the electron beam.We report here observations and measurements on a new LaB filament in a microscope-velocity spectrometer system. We have found that, in general, we may retain a good energy resolution with intensities comparable to or greater than those available with the very high temperature tungsten filament. We have also explored the energy distribution of this filament.


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