Influences of Low Intensity on Diode Parameters of CdTe Solar Cells

This study deals with the CdS/CdTe solar cells under low illumination intensity, with cell #1 for the shunt resistance exceeding 100,000 Ω·cm2 and cell #2 for the shunt resistance above 1000 Ω·cm2. The diode parameter variations with the decline of the irradiance intensity are illustrated by dividing 0–100 mW/cm−2 into a number of small intensity ranges for J–V measurements and assuming the diode parameters to be constant within each range, the diode parameters of each range including the series resistance, the shunt resistance, the reverse saturation current density and the ideality factor are then extracted by employing an analytical approach. The mechanism of the cell performance deviations are also investigated by basic theories, reports and experiments. For cell #1 with higher Rsh corresponding to less traps, Rsh shows a upward tendency as the irradiance declines, n and J0 exhibit a rise with the irradiance and keep nearly unchanged at the low irradiance values mainly due to recombination and carrier contributions, Rs shows a slight increase when the irradiance intensity goes down because of the resistance of CdTe absorption layer. For cell #2 with lower Rsh corresponding to more traps, with the decrease of the illumination intensity, Rsh increases sharply only for captured carrier reduction, Rs goes steadily up similarly, n and J0 exhibit a decline with the irradiance due to recombination shift. It should be pointed out that Rs varies much smoother than the traditional approximation of a reciprocal of differential at short circuit, and the distribution of Rsh is diverse, and an average Rsh of for each intensity range can reflect the variation trend.

Studying the Parameters and Reliability of the System of Small Intensity Irrigation for Work in the Conditions of Mining Agriculture in Azerbaijan.

The article discusses the issues of scientific and theoretical justification for the use of automated irrigation in agriculture, that these systems can reduce the capital costs of their construction, as well as ensure the principle of "rain" and "drip irrigation" with daily water consumption of plants. There are optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants during their growing season. It is proved that the automated irrigation of agricultural crops establishes high yields and increased labor productivity. Therefore, the elements and devices of the used automatic machine require a reliable and uninterrupted operation. This is due to the fact that the problem is that the problem lies not only in technical reliability but also in economic efficiency. , including micro-irrigation systems. Reliability, performance, and performance. Initially, the existing irrigation technique, stationary irrigation system consisted of a large number of elements of the same type, necessary for conducting field cultural events.

COMPLEX GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF THE IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND GAS TERRITORY

The results of high-precision integrated geophysical studies of the Ivano-Frankivsk National University territory are presented. Research methods used are electrical prospecting and gravity and magnetic prospecting. According to the results of geodetic measurements and field geophysical observations, heights maps of the territory, regional components and detailed maps of local anomalies of the gravitational and magnetic fields, and also, according to the data of vertical electrical sounding, geoelectric sections along interpretation profiles were constructed. For the construction data on the geological and tectonic structure of the section to the depths of the first hundred meters were used, as well as geophysical materials obtained in previous years through of the Ivano-Frankivsk city territory. The analysis of the general behavior of the regional components of the gravimagnetic fields and morphology of geophysical anomalies was performed. The geological interpretation of the identified individual local gravitational and magnetic anomalies is presented. A regional field of gravity tends to increase in the direction of increasing heights in the study area and the regional magnetic field has an insignificant, but inverse relationship. A series of positive small intensity local anomalies of the field of gravity is probably due to the rocks of the Kosovska and Tyraska suite, for example, compacted carbonates or anhydrites. Local magnetic anomalies have a relatively small intensity ranging from -100 nTl to 500 nTl and due mainly to university facilities and communications. According to the results of the analysis of the intensity of geophysical fields, a general forecast estimate of the ecological state of the research area is presented. The obtained field intensity values are much lower than the sanitary norms.

ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA VARIABILIDAD INTRAESPECÍFICA DE PROTEÍNAS SEMINALES EN Araujia hortorum FOURN (Apocynaceae).

ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR DE LA VARIABILIDAD INTRAESPECÍFICA DE PROTEÍNAS SEMINALES EN Araujia hortorum FOURN (Apocynaceae). PRELIMINAR STUDY OF THE INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY OF SEED PROTEINS IN Araujia hortorum FOURN (Apocynaceae) Gonzales Medrano, M.F, Galvez, M.J , González, S.R y Villamil, C.B DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2006.0016/ RESUMEN Araujia hortorum Fourn es una enredadera perenne sudamericana que se comporta como invasora en cultivos y en áreas de reserva natural. Han habido controversias sobre la conveniencia de considerarla como especie independiente o como entidad infraespecífica subordinada a A. sericifera Brot. (Araujia sericifera f. hortorum Malme). Como criterio complementario para definir esta situación se han comparado muestras de semillas provenientes de nueve poblaciones de la región pampeana argentina (A. cf. hortorum) y una coleccionada en la selva misionera (A. cf. sericifera). Mediante la utilización de los métodos de electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE-SDS) y de inmunotransferencia (IT, “immunoblotting”) se ha podido detectar la presencia de 19 y 18 bandas proteicas respectivamente, aunque no coincidentes entre sí. La utilización del Índice de Jaccard arrojó valores de similitud entre 0.39-1.00 y 0.53-1.00 respectivamente. Las diferencias encontradas deben atribuirse, en parte, a la dificultad para determinar la presencia o ausencia de algunas de las bandas de menor intensidad. La población misionera mostró menor similitud con las pampeanas que éstas entre sí. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una considerable uniformidad genética entre ambas entidades putativas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de comparar poblaciones adicionales de ambas para evaluar más objetivamente la consistencia de estos métodos en su caracterización sistemática. Palabras clave: Inmunotransferencia, Araujia, proteínas seminales, Apocynaceae. ABSTRACT Araujia hortorum Fourn is a sudamerican perennial climbing plant that performs like an invasive in crops and natural reserve areas. There have been controversies about to consider it as independent specie or like an intraspecific entity dependent to A. sericifera Brot. (Araujia sericifera f. hortorum Malme). As a complement approach to define its situation, It has been compared some seeds samples coming from nine populations from Argentina‟s pampean region (A. cf. hortorum) and another from Misionera jungle (A. cf. sericifera). through use the method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE-SDS) and immnunoblot assay (IT, “immunoblotting”), it have been able to detect the presence of 19 and 18 protein bands respectively, although they are not coincident to each other. The use of the Jaccard Index shows values of similarity among 0.39-1.00 and 0.53-1.00, respectively. Differences should be attributed, partly, to the difficulty to determine the presence or absence of some of the bands of small intensity. The population from Misionera jungle showed smaller similarity with the pampeans that between each other. The results realized a considerable genetic uniformity among both putative entities that suggests the necessity to compare both additional populations in order to evaluate the consistency of these methods more objectively in their systematic characterization. Keywords: Immunoblotting, Araujia, seeds proteins, Apocynaceae.

Diagnosing Conditions Associated with Large Intensity Forecast Errors in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model

Understanding and forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change continues to be a paramount challenge for the research and operational communities, partly because of inherent systematic biases contained in model guidance, which can be difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this paper is to present a method to identify such systematic biases by comparing forecasts characterized by large intensity errors with analog forecasts that exhibit small intensity errors. The methodology is applied to the 2015 version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model retrospective forecasts in the North Atlantic (NATL) and eastern North Pacific (EPAC) basins during 2011–14. Forecasts with large 24-h intensity errors are defined to be in the top 15% of all cases in the distribution that underforecast intensity. These forecasts are compared to analog forecasts taken from the bottom 50% of the error distribution. Analog forecasts are identified by finding the case that has 0–24-h intensity and wind shear magnitude time series that are similar to the large intensity error forecasts. Composite differences of the large and small intensity error forecasts reveal that the EPAC large error forecasts have weaker reflectivity and vertical motion near the TC inner core from 3 h onward. Results over the NATL are less clear, with the significant differences between the large and small error forecasts occurring radially outward from the TC core. Though applied to TCs, this analog methodology could be useful for diagnosing systematic model biases in other applications.

PENGARUH INTENSITAS CAHAYA TERHADAP KETERTARIKAN GEROMBOLAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL PADA MINI PURSE SEINE DI PERAIRAN PEMALANG JAWA TENGAH

Penggunaan intensitas cahaya pada unit penangkapan light fishing cenderung meningkat. Hal ini, didasari atas persepsi bahwa intensitas cahaya yang tinggi akan meningkatkan hasil tangkapan. Fenomena ini dijadikan suatu penelitian yang dilakukan selama 3 minggu pada bulan September 2004 di perairan Pemalang Jawa Tengah. Alat tangkap pukat cincin mini (mini purse seine) di pantai utara Jawa pada operasi penangkapan selain menggunakan rumpon juga mengggunakan cahaya sebagai alat bantu penangkapan. Pengukuran nilai intensitas lampu dilakukan dengan meggunakan LI COR 250 quantum meter (μmol sɹ mɲ) pada jumlah lampu yang berbeda, dan digunakan pula akustik EY 500 untuk memperoleh data sebaran dan gerombolan ikan yang berada dalam pengaruh cahaya lampu. Pada deteksi awal (A) ikan cenderung mengelompok pada lahan intensitas tinggi, deteksi ke 2 (B) pengelompokkan mulai terkonsentrasi dekat kapal, deteksi ke-3 (C) pengelompokkan ikan bertambah banyak, dan deteksi ke-4 (D) kelompok ikan berada pada lahan yang sangat memungkinkan untuk ditangkap. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh laju tangkap (catch rate) 125,7 kg per tawur. Perbedaan jumlah lampu yang sedikit tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang terlalu besar terhadap hasil tangkapan. The influence of light intensity to the light fishing practices commonly tends to increase. Fishermen believe that with the higher intensity of light the bigger catch they have. This phenomenon stimulated us to a research that during was done three weeks on September 2004 in Pemalang West Java. Mini purse seine is conduct at north coast of Java use payaos and light artificial for fish attractive. LI COR 250 quantum metre (μmol sɹ mɲ) was used for light intencity at different lamps amount and EY 500 acoustic to obtain the data of fish school in influence of lamp light. At the first detecting (A) fish school was concentrated in high intensity area, the second detecting (B) the concentration was closer to the ship, the third detecting (C) fish school increased, and the forth detecting (D) fish school was consentrated in catchable area. The results show that the cath rate was 125.7 kg per setting. The difference of lamps amount with a small intensity did not show significant influence to the catch haul.

Compressive Lumbar Disc Hernia Spontaneously Disapeared in a Few Years - Case Report

We present a patient with left compressive L5-S1 lumbar disc hernia in lateral reces and foramina revealed by high intensity pain (Visual Autologus Scale 7/10) and paresthesias on the left S1 dermatoma for 5 months. He refused surgery and followed conservative treatment with very good results after 6 months. The radicular S1 pain became of a small intensity (Visual Autologus Scale 2-3/10) and intermitent and after one year it completely disapeared. After 4 years he repeated the lumbar magnetic resonance imaging which proved the disapearance of the L5-S1 lumbar disc hernia.

PEMANFAATAN SINGLE FLASH EXTERNAL DENGAN GUIDE NUMBER RENDAH UNTUK PEMOTRETAN RUANG

Dalam teknik fotografi, cahaya merupakan elemen dasar dalam pembentukan image. Pemahaman tata pencahayaan saat pemotretan mutlak diperlukan karena akan memengaruhi mutu gambar yang didapat. Optimalisasi pencahayaan pada objek dapat diperoleh dengan cara memahami karakternya. Hal itu bisa dilakukan dengan menggolongkan cahaya berdasarkan sumbernya atau mengenal sifat-sifatnya, juga memahami pola terapan cahaya tersebut. Pemotretan interior merupakan salah satu terapan fotografi yang mengeksplorasi detail objek dan suasana ruangan sehingga suatu saat bias saja dibutuhkan lampu tambahan yang berupa flash. Dalam memenuhi tujuan itu, beberapa di antaranya masih banyak yang membutuhkan penggunaan lebih dari satu titik lampu flash beserta aksesorisnya sehingga akan memengaruhi biaya operasionalnya juga. Pada penulisan ini akan disampaikan hasil percobaan tentang pemotretan ruang yang hanya menggunakan sebuah lampu flash eksternal berintensitas kecil, yang bisa dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk meningkatkan kualitas foto sehingga dirasa dapat menekan biaya operasionl pemotretan.Application of Single Flash External Using Low Guide Number for Interior Photography. Light is the basic element of photographic technique in formation of the image. Understanding of the lighting system is important when taking the picture, because it will affect the quality of the image. Optimization of the lighting on the object can be obtained by understanding its character. This can be done by categorize light based source, identify light feature and figure out the pattern of the light. Interior photography is one of applied photography which explores the details of the object and the circumstances of the room, so that it needs extra light in the form of flash. To obtain that objective, usually a much needed to use more than one point of the flash and its accessories, so it affect operational costs as well. In this paper, the author presents the results of experiments on interior photography, which by using a small intensity of light from external flash optimally can improve the quality of the image and also reduce costs of interior photo shoot’s operasional