scholarly journals Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3449-3459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Harrop ◽  
Desiree Jones ◽  
Shuting Zheng ◽  
Sallie Nowell ◽  
Brian A. Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circumscribed Interests ◽  
Biological Sex

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Health as Human Capital in Entrepreneurship: Individual, Extension, and Substitution Effects on Entrepreneurial Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Hatak ◽  
Haibo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spousal Health ◽  
Important Extension ◽  
Entrepreneurial Human Capital

This study investigates how entrepreneurial health and spousal health influence monetary and non-monetary entrepreneurial success. Drawing on human capital theory in combination with a family embeddedness perspective on entrepreneurship and applying actor–partner interdependence models to longitudinal data, we conclude that overall spousal health constitutes an important extension of entrepreneurs’ human capital influencing entrepreneurial success. This study further contributes to human capital research by offering interesting insights and novel theorizing on substitution effects for different types of entrepreneurial human capital, and adds to a biological perspective on entrepreneurship by considering the differential role of biological sex in the health–success relationship.

Satisfying Friendship Maintenance Expectations: The Role of Friendship Standards and Biological Sex

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hall ◽  
Kiley A. Larson ◽  
Amber Watts
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sex

The role of gender and biological sex in irritable bowel syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Frissora ◽  
Kenneth L. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Circumscribed interests in autism: are there sex differences?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sallie Wallace Nowell ◽  
Desiree R. Jones ◽  
Clare Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Circumscribed Interests ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Children With Asd

Purpose Sex differences in circumscribed interests (CI) may delay diagnosis for females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); therefore, it is important to characterize sex differences in CI to determine if differential approaches to diagnostic assessment are warranted for females with ASD. The purpose of this paper is to examine sex differences in parent-reported quantity, content and functional impairment of children’s interests. Design/methodology/approach Parent responses to the Interests Scale were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVAs to determine diagnostic (ASD vs typical development (TD)) and sex differences between four groups of children ages six to ten years: ASD males, ASD females, TD males and TD females. Findings Groups were comparable on the quantity of interests reported on the Interests Scale. Children with ASD demonstrated significantly more nonsocial interests and had greater functional impairment associated with their interests than TD children. A significant diagnosis×sex effect was found for the number of interests in folk psychology. Descriptively, males with ASD were more likely to have a primary interest in the traditionally male category of physics than females with ASD whose primary interest mainly fell into the categories of TV or the more traditionally female category of psychology. Originality/value These findings strengthen the results of Turner-Brown et al. (2011) by replicating their findings that children with ASD have more nonsocial interests and greater functional impairments related to their interests compared to TD children in a sample that is balanced on biological sex. However, there are distinctions between males and females with ASD in their primary interests that have implications for diagnostic assessment.

scholarly journals Stroke in the Female: Role of Biological Sex and Estrogen

ILAR Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Murphy ◽  
L. D. McCullough ◽  
J. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Female Role ◽  
Biological Sex

scholarly journals Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: Epidemiology and Genetic Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Bailey A. Martin-Giacalone ◽  
P. Adam Weinstein ◽  
Sharon E. Plon ◽  
Philip J. Lupo
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Sequencing Studies

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children, yet little is known about its etiology. Studies that examine either environmental exposures or germline genetic predisposition in RMS have begun to identify factors that contribute to this malignancy. Here, we summarize epidemiological reports of RMS incidence in terms of several factors, including age at diagnosis, biological sex, and geographic location. We then describe findings from association studies, which explore the role of parental exposures, birth and perinatal characteristics, and childhood exposures in RMS. Further, we discuss RMS predisposition syndromes and large-scale sequencing studies that have further identified RMS-associated genes. Finally, we propose future directions of study, which aim to advance our understanding of the origin of RMS and can provide knowledge for novel RMS therapies.

scholarly journals Impact of biological sex on cryptococcal meningitis mortality in Uganda and South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Stadelman ◽  
Kenneth Ssebambulidde ◽  
Lillian Tugume ◽  
Katelyn A Pastick ◽  
Kathy Huppler Hullsiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract The role of biological sex on clinical outcomes and the pathogenesis of AIDS-related opportunistic infections is unknown. We assessed baseline biomarkers and outcomes between 577 men and 400 women in HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis cohorts in Uganda and South Africa from 2010 to 2017. We compared 10-week mortality by sex via Cox proportional hazards models. The 10-week mortality for women was 50% (198/400) and 43% (247/577) for men. Women had higher risk of death in an unadjusted model (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.20; 95%CI, 1.00–1.45; P = .05). Women maintained a higher risk when adjusting for quantitative CSF culture, altered mental status, CSF pleocytosis, age, and antiretroviral status (HR = 1.31; 95%CI, 1.07–1.59; P < .01). However, after adjusting for hemoglobin, the risk of death did not differ between women and men (HR = 1.17; 95%CI, 0.94–1.45; P = .17). Moderate to severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL) was present among 16% (55/355) of women and 10% (55/532) of men (P = .02). Of the 373 participants with CSF biomarkers, men had higher median pro- and anti-inflammatory, monocyte/macrophage differentiation, maturation, and migration, immune exhaustion, and cytotoxicity cytokines than women (P < .05). We identified biological sex as proxy for anemia, a potentially modifiable risk factor for cryptococcal meningitis mortality. Immune response may contribute to the multifaceted underlying mechanisms for the discrepancy in mortality based on sex. Lay Summary We examined the role of biological sex in cryptococcal meningitis mortality in a large cohort. Our findings reveal significant differences in inflammatory markers by biological sex. Women have significantly higher mortality due to cryptococcal meningitis that is attributable to anemia at baseline.

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