Influence of material and process parameters on microstructure evolution during the fabrication of carbon–carbon composites: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Muhammed ◽  
Tania Lavaggi ◽  
Suresh Advani ◽  
Mark Mirotznik ◽  
John W. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Carbon Composites

scholarly journals Influence of Deep Rolling and Induction Hardening on Microstructure Evolution of Crankshaft Sections made from 38MnSiVS5 and 42CrMo4

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
A. Fischer ◽  
B. Scholtes ◽  
T. Niendorf
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Deep Rolling ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract In order to improve properties of complex automotive components, such as crankshafts, in an application-oriented way, several surface hardening treatments can be applied. Concerning the material performance the definition of adequate process parameters influences the resulting surface properties and, thus, the effectiveness of surface hardening treatments. To analyze most relevant process-microstructure-property relationships, the present paper reports results obtained by two different well-established surface hardening procedures, i. e. deep rolling as a mechanical treatment and induction hardening as a thermal treatment. For each hardening process widely used crankshaft steel grades, i. e. a medium carbon 38MnSiVS5 microalloyed steel and a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 were selected and thoroughly characterized upon processing, using equal parameter settings. The results reveal that deep rolling in contrast to induction hardening proves to be a less sensitive surface layer treatment with regard to small differences in the initial microstructure, the chemical composition and the applied process parameters. Differences in microstructure evolution with respect to the applied surface hardening treatment are studied and discussed for the highly stressed fillet region of automotive crankshaft sections for all conditions. In this context, high-resolution SEM-based techniques such as EBSD and ECCI are proven to be very effective for fast qualitative evaluation of induced microstructural changes.

Fractal characterization of pore microstructure evolution in carbon/carbon composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
MiaoLing Li ◽  
LeHua Qi ◽  
HeJun Li ◽  
GuoZhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Pore Microstructure

Effect of process parameters on the microstructure evolution of laser surface quenched Ni-Al bronze

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 2040029
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Qin ◽  
Da-Hai Xia ◽  
Yida Deng ◽  
Wenbin Hu ◽  
Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Surface Quenching ◽  
Overlap Ratio

Laser surface quenching technology was used to modify the surface microstructure of as-cast Ni-Al bronze (NAB). The modified microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effect of laser process parameters on microstructure evolution was investigated. It was found that a fine-grained zone with fully [Formula: see text] phase microstructure formed on the surface of NAB. The depth of the fine-grained zone increased with the increase of laser power, and surface melting occurred when the power reached a threshold value. Laser scanning at a low rate caused the coarsening of grain boundary, while too high rate led to incomplete quenching. Spot overlap ratio determined the microstructure of the superimposed area, and unsuitable ratio would cause bulky [Formula: see text] precipitation at the grain boundary or incomplete transformation from [Formula: see text] phase to [Formula: see text] phase.

Linear Friction Welding of IN-718 Process Optimization and Microstructure Evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mary ◽  
Mohammad Jahazi
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Friction Welding ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
The Matrix

Linear Friction Welding (LFW) of IN-718 Superalloy was investigated under several processing conditions. The influence of process parameters such as frequency (60Hz to 100Hz), amplitude (2mm to 3mm) and frictional pressure (50MPa to 110MPa) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded specimens was determined. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, and micro-hardness testing were used to characterize the welded areas as well as the Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zones (TMAZ). In-situ thermocouple measurements were performed to follow temperature evolution in the specimens during the different phases of the LFW process. The analysis of the results indicated that for some specific conditions (f=80Hz, a=2mm and P=70MPa) a maximum temperature of 1200°C was attained during the last stage of the welding process, the burn-off phase. This temperature, very close to the alloy melting range, would be sufficient to cause partial liquation in this zone. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of oxide particles aligned around the weld interface. Their concentration and distribution, varying with process parameters, affect the weld integrity. The TMAZ characterised by a global loss of strength (from 334HV to 250HV) is associated with temperatures exceeding 800°C and causing γ’ and γ’’ reversion. A narrow band of the TMAZ, exposed to high strains and temperatures, showed evidences of dynamic recovery and recrystallization (up to 67% of reduction in the matrix grain size). Visual and microscopic examination of the flash layer, revealed two distinct zones. Microstructure evolution and microhardness variations were associated to process parameters and the optimum conditions for obtaining defect free weldments were determined.

scholarly journals Investigation on precision and performance for hot gas forming of thin-walled components of Ti2AlNb-based alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Xueyan Jiao ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Performance Control ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hot Gas Forming

Ti2AlNb-based alloys have received considerable attention as potential materials to replace the nickel alloy at 600-750 °C, depending on their advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion and oxidation resistance. To realize the precision and performance control for Ti2AlNb-based alloy thin-walled components, the microstructure evolution was analyzed for setting up the unified viscoplastic constitutive equations based on the physical variables and simulating the forming process coupled between the deformation and the microstructure evolution. Through the finite element model with coupling of microstructure and mechanical parameters, the microstructure evolution and shape fabricating can be predicted at the same time, to provide the basis for the process parameters optimization and performance control. With the reasonable process parameters for hot gas forming of Ti2AlNb thin-walled components, the forming precision and performance can be controlled effectively.

Experimental Analysis of Hole Ovality in Drilling of Carbon-Carbon Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Krishna Sastry ◽  
V. Seshagiri Rao ◽  
M.S. Kumar ◽  
A. Velayudham
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Carbon Composite Material ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Coated Carbide

The Carbon-Carbon (C-C) composite materials are logical candidates for the manufacture of space crafts and other advanced structures, due to their low density values. These materials are naturally expensive, and the machining cost increases the final product’s price. The literature availability on the machining, particularly with reference to drilling operation of these materials is very rare. Hence an experimental investigation has taken to study the hole quality of this ubiquitous carbon-carbon composite material. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis about the influence of process parameters on the ovality of the carbon-Carbon composite plate, which is measured with a coordinate measuring machine. The drilling experiments were carried with two different tools like HSS and TiN coated Carbide materials on a CNC drilling machine. The Point Angle, spindle speed and feed rate were chosen as process parameters, and their impact on the quality of drilled hole was analyzed with the help of Taguchi’s orthogonal array and ANOVA-TM software. A comparison was done between the performances of drilling by these two different tools.

Development of Strip Casting Process for Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shae K. Kim ◽  
Hoon Cho ◽  
Jin Kyu Lee ◽  
Won Yong Kim ◽  
Hyung Ho Jo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Strip Casting ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Reactive Metal ◽  
Twin Roll

The aim of this study is to report results of initial trials involving the strip casting process for ETPC (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper) and to investigate the effect of process parameters on the chemistry, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of ETPC. A vertical twin roll strip caster used in this research was designed for manufacturing high-purity and/or reactive metal strips with a system for controlled atmosphere ranging from 103 to 10-3torr. It is expected that oxygen content can be reduced as low as 0.001wt% in as-cast strip.

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