scholarly journals Followers’ HEXACO personality traits and preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Breevaart ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the HEXACO personality traits in relation to followers’ preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. Based on the similarity perspective, we expected followers high on Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience to prefer a charismatic leader, and those followers high on conscientiousness and low on Openness to Experience to prefer a task-oriented leader. In addition, from a need fulfillment perspective, we expected followers high on Emotionality to prefer a task- and a relationship-oriented leader. We examined these expectations using paper vignette methodology in a sample of 272 undergraduates. The results showed that most participants preferred a relationship-oriented leader over a charismatic or task-oriented leader. In addition, we found support for all our hypotheses, with the exception of the relations between Honesty-Humility and preference for charismatic leadership, and Conscientiousness and preference for task-oriented leadership. Our findings contribute to the nomological network of the role of follower characteristics in the leader-follower relationship. Implications and suggestions for research on charismatic leadership are provided.

The Influence of Charismatic Leadership Communication Towards the Credibility of Public Organisation in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
Jamilah Jamal ◽  
◽  
Hassan Abu Bakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Leadership Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Organisation ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

The credibility of public organisation as the source of information often receives negative intuition and misinterpretation from the public at large. Since credibility of public organisation is very much related to public trust, scholars have focused on antecedents of organisational credibility such as leadership constructs to restore trust and confidence among the public. Yet not much research has investigated the role of charismatic leadership communication in building and establishing organisational credibility of the public organisation. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between charismatic leadership communication and the influence of its three dimensions (task oriented, enthusiasm and empathy) with organisational credibility of public organisation in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative approach to measure participants' perception on their organisational leadership communication and credibility. A total of 368 public organisation employees which were selected through stratified random sampling participated in the survey. The hypothesis of this study was tested using Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between the constructs, whereas multiple regression was used to examine the variance of each dimension of charismatic leadership communication on organisational credibility. The finding reveals that there is a significant relationship between charismatic leadership communication and public organisation credibility, while task-oriented communication appears to be the most significant dimension influencing the credibility of Malaysia public organisation. The implication of the study suggested that public organisational credibility is influenced by the way the information was delivered by the organisation through its charismatic leaders. Theoretical and practical contributions were advanced in this study. Keywords: Charismatic leadership communication, empathy, enthusiasm, task-related communication, organizational credibility.

scholarly journals The role of TASK-2 channels in CO2 sensing in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. R329-R342
Author(s):  
N. Koudrina ◽  
S. F. Perry ◽  
K. M. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Reflexes ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

Peripheral chemosensitivity in fishes is thought to be mediated by serotonin-enriched neuroepithelial cells (NECs) that are localized to the gills of adults and the integument of larvae. In adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio), branchial NECs are presumed to mediate the cardiorespiratory reflexes associated with hypoxia or hypercapnia, whereas in larvae, there is indirect evidence linking cutaneous NECs to hypoxic hyperventilation and hypercapnic tachycardia. No study yet has examined the ventilatory response of larval zebrafish to hypercapnia, and regardless of developmental stage, the signaling pathways involved in CO2 sensing remain unclear. In the mouse, a background potassium channel (TASK-2) contributes to the sensitivity of chemoreceptor cells to CO2. Zebrafish possess two TASK-2 channel paralogs, TASK-2 and TASK-2b, encoded by kcnk5a and kcnk5b, respectively. The present study aimed to determine whether TASK-2 channels are expressed in NECs of larval zebrafish and whether they are involved in CO2 sensing. Using immunohistochemical approaches, TASK-2 protein was observed on the surface of NECs in larvae. Exposure of larvae to hypercapnia caused cardiac and breathing frequencies to increase, and these responses were blunted in fish experiencing TASK-2 and/or TASK-2b knockdown. The results of these experiments suggest that TASK-2 channels are involved in CO2 sensing by NECs and contribute to the initiation of reflex cardiorespiratory responses during exposure of larvae to hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Origins of Adulthood Personality: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Fletcher ◽  
Stefanie Schurer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Maltreatment

Abstract We test whether adverse childhood experiences – exposure to parental maltreatment and its indirect effect on health – are associated with age 30 personality traits. We use rich longitudinal data from a large, representative cohort of young US Americans and exploit the differences across siblings to control for the confounding influences of shared environmental and genetic factors. We find that maltreatment experiences are significantly and robustly associated with neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, but not with agreeableness and extraversion. High levels of neuroticism are linked to sexual abuse and neglect; low levels of conscientiousness and openness to experience are linked to parental neglect. The estimated associations are significantly reduced in magnitude when controlling for physical or mental health, suggesting that adolescent health could be one important pathway via which maltreatment affects adulthood personality. Maltreatment experiences, in combination with their health effects, explain a significant fraction of the relationship between adulthood conscientiousness and earnings or human capital. Our findings provide a possible explanation for why personality traits are important predictors of adulthood labor market outcomes.

Role of Big Five personality traits in regulatory-focused job crafting

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar Sameer ◽  
Pushpendra Priyadarshi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Allocation Process

PurposeThis study examines the role of Big Five personality traits namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism in regulatory-focused job crafting, i.e. promotion- and prevention-focused job crafting and their inter-relationships.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data collected from 444 executives of Indian public sector energy companies were analysed using structural equation modelling.FindingsBig Five personality traits differentially influence individuals' ways of managing job demands through promotion- and prevention-focused job crafting. These influences are easily identifiable in case of openness to experience, conscientiousness and neuroticism.Practical implicationsFindings of the study may help organizations in developing an effective recruitment, job designing and job allocation process, devise a framework for uncertainty management, encourage their employees to undertake personality-aligned job crafting to manage their ever-emerging jobs and enhance person–job fit.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, provided a comparative influence of Big Five personality traits on both forms of regulatory-focused job crafting. These findings may be relevant for job demand management in a dynamic business environment.

scholarly journals Discovering Gaps in Internationalization Competences of SMEs–a Comparative Case Study of Austrian SMEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Johanna Anzengruber
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Gap Data ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Task ◽  
Organizational Competence

This article adds to the debate on internationalization competences of SMEs. After an examination of the most influential papers, we systematically discuss the role of individual and organizational competence gaps before and during the internationalization phase. In more detail, we raise the question what kinds of competences gaps hinder SMEs to go international and what competence gaps arise during the internationalization. This is done using a comparative case study design with competence gap data from twenty-four SMEs in China and Austria. Our research reveals severe differences in competence gaps among those SMEs who have internationalized and those who will internationalize theirs businesses. Indeed, we found out that while internationalized SMEs perceive organizational competence gaps as higher as individual ones – exactly the opposite is found at the SMEs working exclusively in their home markets. We conclude by proposing a systematic, continuous, and task-oriented allocation of the competence development efforts.

scholarly journals Building common ground: Quantifying the interplay of mechanisms that promote understanding in conversations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Dideriksen ◽  
Morten H. Christiansen ◽  
Kristian Tylén ◽  
Mark Dingemanse ◽  
Riccardo Fusaroli
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Semantic Alignment ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Task

Humans readily engage in idle chat, heated discussions, and negotiate tough joint decisions without ever having to think twice about the different mechanisms they use to keep the conversation grounded in mutual understanding. However, current attempts at identifying and assessing the grounding mechanisms that make this possible are fragmented across disciplines and investigate single mechanisms within single contexts. We present a comprehensive conceptual framework to investigate and quantify conversational grounding mechanisms, and how they adjust to contextual demands. In three corpus studies, we systematically test the role of three grounding mechanisms, backchannels, repair, and interactive alignment. Contrasting affiliative (AC) and task-oriented (TOC) conversations between and within participants, we find that grounding mechanisms adaptively adjust to the increased need for precision in the latter: Across Study 1 and Study 2, we show that low-precision mechanisms such as backchannels are more frequent in AC, while more costly but higher-precision mechanisms, such as specific repairs, are more frequent in TOC. Further, TOC involve higher complementarity of contributions in terms of the content and perspective: lower semantic alignment, and less frequent (but richer) lexical and syntactic alignment. Crucially, in Study 3, these variations in the use of grounding mechanisms are shown to be adaptive: pairs of interlocutors that show stronger linguistic complementarity perform better across the two tasks. By combining motivated comparisons of several conversational contexts, and theoretically informed computational analyses of empirical and experimental data, the present work lays the foundations for a comprehensive conceptual framework of grounding mechanisms in conversation.

scholarly journals Orientations to negotiated language and task rules in online L2 interaction

ReCALL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay Sert ◽  
Ufuk Balaman
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Negotiation Of Meaning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Task

AbstractRecent research shows that negotiation of meaning in online task-oriented interactions can be a catalyst for L2 (second/foreign/additional language) development. However, how learners undertake such negotiation work and what kind of an impact it has on interactional development in an L2 are still largely unknown mainly due to a lack of focus on task engagement processes. A conversation analytic investigation into negotiation of meaning (NoM) in task-oriented interactions can bring evidence to such development, as conversation analysis (CA), given its analytic tools, allows us to see how participant orientations in interaction evolve over time. Based on an examination of screen-recorded multiparty online task-oriented interactions, this study aimed to describe how users (n=8) of an L2 (1) negotiate and co-construct language and task rules and (2) later show orientations to these rules both in the short term (50 minutes) and in the long term (8 weeks). The findings showed that in addition to negotiating existing rules, the learners co-constructed new rules around an action called policing, which occurred when the learners attended to the breach of language and task rules. Furthermore, even after the negotiation work was completed, they oriented to negotiated rules through policing their own utterances (i.e. self-policing). Overall, this interactional continuum (from other-repairs to self-repairs) brought longitudinal evidence to bear on the role of NoM in the development of L2 interactional competence. These findings bring new insights into NoM, technology-mediated task-based language teaching (TBLT), and CA for second language acquisition (SLA).

scholarly journals Critical Language Pedagogy and Task-Based Language Teaching: Reciprocal Relationship and Mutual Benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Graham V. Crookes ◽  
Nicole Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

Curriculum development and empirical research in the field of second language acquisition could benefit the field of critical language pedagogy (CLP) and its practitioners. This article reviews central concepts in the organization of curriculum in CLP and compares them with another major curricular initiative in second language teaching, namely task-based or task-supported approaches, with particular emphasis on task-based language teaching. Content itself (as in activities or materials) and the role of metacognitive instruction are considered. A real-world example of a task-based or task-supported short-term program is reviewed as exemplifying some areas of contact or benefit.

Personality Traits and Marital Satisfaction in Predicting Couples’ Attitudes Toward Infidelity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mentari Namira Pertiwi Isma ◽  
Sherly Saragih Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Intrapersonal Factors ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This study aims to investigate the role of marital satisfaction and personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) in predicting attitudes toward infidelity. The participants of the study were 438 married men and women ranging in age from 22 to 40 years old (M = 31.02, SD = 4.3). The results from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) Marital Satisfaction Scale and Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale used in this study indicate that conscientiousness and neuroticism, followed by marital satisfaction and gender, are significant predictors of attitudes toward infidelity. From these results, it can be concluded that attitudes toward infidelity can be predicted by demographic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors.

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