A Condensed Excited (Rydberg) Matter: Perspective and Applications

AbstractA condensed excited matter called Rydberg Matter (RM) have been studied experimentally for 30 years, but have not sparked widespread attention yet, unlike ordinary Rydberg atoms. RM formed by clusters of Rydberg atoms at a solid surface have a longer lifetime compared to Rydberg atoms, and is liquid-like. This review describes how the RM state is generated, and its potential applications. These include using RM for research into catalysis, space phenomena and sensor applications, or for producing environmentally friendly energy. A background on RM is presented, with its structure and special properties, and the working principle of RM generation. The experimental set-ups, materials, and detectors used are discussed, together with methods to improve the amount of RM produced. The materials used for the catalysts are of special interest, as this should have a large influence on the energy of the RM, and therefore also on the applications. Currently most of the catalysts used are potassium doped iron oxide designed for styrene production, which should give the possibility of improvements. And as there is little knowledge on the exact mechanisms for RM formation, suggestions are given as to where research should start.

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Sodium, Silver and Lithium-Ion Conducting β″-Alumina + YSZ Composites, Ionic Conductivity and Stability

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11030293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Liangzhu Zhu ◽

Anil V. Virkar

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Ionic Conductivities ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Co2 Corrosion ◽

Ionic Conductors ◽

Ion Conductor ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Ion Conducting

Na-β″-alumina (Na2O.~6Al2O3) is known to be an excellent sodium ion conductor in battery and sensor applications. In this study we report fabrication of Na- β″-alumina + YSZ dual phase composite to mitigate moisture and CO2 corrosion that otherwise can lead to degradation in pure Na-β″-alumina conductor. Subsequently, we heat-treated the samples in molten AgNO3 and LiNO3 to respectively form Ag-β″-alumina + YSZ and Li-β″-alumina + YSZ to investigate their potential applications in silver- and lithium-ion solid state batteries. Ion exchange fronts were captured via SEM and EDS techniques. Their ionic conductivities were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both ion exchange rates and ionic conductivities of these composite ionic conductors were firstly reported here and measured as a function of ion exchange time and temperature.

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The Effect of Nanoparticle Coating on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1207-n07-05 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1207 ◽

Author(s):

Michael John Fornasiero ◽

Diana-Andra Borca-Tasciuc

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽

Colloidal Suspensions ◽

Maxwell Model ◽

Carrier Fluid ◽

Coated Nanoparticles ◽

Transient Hot Wire Technique ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Iron Oxide Core

AbstractNanofluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanometer-sized particles in a carrier fluid and are receiving significant attention because of their potential applications in heat transfer area. Theoretical investigations have shown that the enhanced thermal conductivity observed in nanofluids is due to nanoparticle clustering and networking. This provides a low resistance path to the heat flowing through the fluid. However, the surface coating of the nanoparticles, which is often used to provide stable dispersion over the long term, may act as a thermal barrier, reducing the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. Moreover, nanofluids with the same type of nanoparticles may exhibit different effective thermal conductivities, depending upon the thermal properties and thickness of the coating. In this context, thermal conductivity characterization of well dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles with two different surface coatings was carried out employing the transient hot wire technique. The diameter of the iron oxide core was 35 nm and the coatings used were aminosilane and carboxymethyl-dextran (CMX) of 7nm in thickness. Preliminary results suggest that effective thermal conductivity of CMX coated nanoparticle suspensions is slightly higher than that of aminosilane coated nanoparticles. In both cases, the effective thermal conductivity is higher than that predicted by the Maxwell model for composite media.

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Large-scale Synthesis of Low-dimension Un-doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by a Wet-Chemical Method: Efficient Photo-catalyst & Sensitive Chemi-sensor Applications

Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.2174/1876402911305010003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Rahman ◽

Sher Bahadar Khan ◽

A. Jamal ◽

M. Faisal ◽

Abdullah M. Asiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chemical Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Wet Chemical Method ◽

Photo Catalyst ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Low Dimension ◽

Wet Chemical

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Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Phenyl Hydrazine Sensor Applications

Sensor Letters ◽

10.1166/sl.2014.3224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 97-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S. W. Hwang ◽

Ahmad Umar ◽

G. N. Dar ◽

S. H. Kim ◽

R. I. Badran

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Phenyl Hydrazine ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Hydrazine Sensor

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Performance Indicators of Printed Construction Materials: a Durability-Based Approach

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings9040097 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zoubeir Lafhaj ◽

Zakaria Dakhli

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Research Fields ◽

Execution Phase ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Materials Research ◽

Potential Applications ◽

3D Printed ◽

Materials Used ◽

Printed Materials

Studying the durability of materials and structures, including 3D-printed structures, is now a key step in better meeting the challenges of sustainable development and integrating technical and economic aspects from the design phase into the execution phase. While digital and robotics technologies have been well developed for construction 3D printing, the material aspect still faces critical issues to meet the evolving requirements for buildings. This research aims to develop performance indicators for 3D-printed materials used in construction regardless of the nature of the material. A general guideline is to be established as a result of this research. Thus, the literature review analyzes traditional durability approaches to construction materials and challenges are identified for potential applications in construction. The results suggest that performance indicators for 3D-printed materials should be checked as printable through an experimental case study. This research could be of interest to researchers, professionals, and start-ups in the construction and materials research fields.

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Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites: From Molecular Interactions to Macroscopic Behavior

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 275 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Corinna Dannert ◽

Bjørn Torger Stokke ◽

Rita S. Dias

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Molecular Design ◽

The Self ◽

Self Healing ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Composite Gels ◽

Equilibrium Swelling ◽

Hydrogel Composites ◽

Materials Used ◽

Network Component

Hydrogels are materials used in a variety of applications, ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery. The incorporation of nanoparticles to yield composite hydrogels has gained substantial momentum over the years since these afford tailor-making and extend material mechanical properties far beyond those achievable through molecular design of the network component. Here, we review different procedures that have been used to integrate nanoparticles into hydrogels; the types of interactions acting between polymers and nanoparticles; and how these underpin the improved mechanical and optical properties of the gels, including the self-healing ability of these composite gels, as well as serving as the basis for future development. In a less explored approach, hydrogels have been used as dispersants of nanomaterials, allowing a larger exposure of the surface of the nanomaterial and thus a better performance in catalytic and sensor applications. Furthermore, the reporting capacity of integrated nanoparticles in hydrogels to assess hydrogel properties, such as equilibrium swelling and elasticity, is highlighted.

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Dielectric Elastomer Actuator for Soft Robotics Applications and Challenges

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10020640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 640 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jung-Hwan Youn ◽

Seung Mo Jeong ◽

Geonwoo Hwang ◽

Hyunwoo Kim ◽

Kyujin Hyeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Dielectric Elastomer ◽

Artificial Muscles ◽

Soft Robot ◽

Optical Components ◽

Dielectric Characteristics ◽

Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Working Principle ◽

Soft Actuators

This paper reviews state-of-the-art dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) and their future perspectives as soft actuators which have recently been considered as a key power generation component for soft robots. This paper begins with the introduction of the working principle of the dielectric elastomer actuators. Because the operation of DEA includes the physics of both mechanical viscoelastic properties and dielectric characteristics, we describe theoretical modeling methods for the DEA before introducing applications. In addition, the design of artificial muscles based on DEA is also introduced. This paper reviews four popular subjects for the application of DEA: soft robot hand, locomotion robots, wearable devices, and tunable optical components. Other potential applications and challenging issues are described in the conclusion.

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Functionalized Macrocyclic Compounds: Potential Sensors of Small Molecules and Ions

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch02225 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Paul V. Bernhardt ◽

Evan G. Moore

Keyword(s):

Small Molecules ◽

Real World ◽

Macrocyclic Compounds ◽

Binding Mechanism ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Potential Applications

The potential applications of macrocycles in chemistry and at its interfaces with biology and physics continue to emerge, one of which is as receptors for small molecules and ions. This review illustrates these applications with examples from the last ten years employing complexation as the binding mechanism; some of the systems presented have already found real-world sensor applications. In any case, the challenges remain to design more selective and sensitive receptors for guests.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN DENTISTRY

BALTIC HUMANITARIAN JOURNAL ◽

10.26140/bgz3-2021-1001-0020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (34) ◽

Author(s):

S.S GRECHIKHIN ◽

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Educational System ◽

Daily Clinical Practice ◽

High Quality ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Materials Used ◽

Modern Application

Nanotechnology is a promising industry within the educational system of teaching. The emerging science of nanotechnology, especially in dental and medical practice, has sparked the interest of many researchers in their potential applications and advantages over traditional materials used. Currently, there are many studies in the field of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry and their benefits. Therefore, understanding how these materials can be used in our daily clinical practice requires a deeper understanding of the science behind nanotechnology. This article presents nanoscience, as well as the advantages and limitations of nanotechnology. In addition, our study will examine nanodialogue in dental diagnostics, the dental prevention. Thus, the scientific aspects, significance and modern application of nanotechnologies in dentistry are highlighted. Based on this, the use of nanotechnologies, especially in dentistry and medicine, has a number of advantages over the traditional materials used, since they are more efficient, accessible, structured, meet all modern parameters and are of high quality.

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