An Oviposition Stimulant for a Magnoliaceae-Feeding Swallowtail Butterfly, Graphium doson, from its Primary Host Plant, Michelia compressa

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 926-933
Author(s):  
Tadanobu Nakayama ◽  
Keiichi Honda
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Swallowtail Butterfly

scholarly journals Changing Host Plants Causes Structural Differences in the Parasitoid Complex of the Monophagous Moth Yponomeuta evonymella, but Does Not Improve Survival Rate

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukowski ◽  
Janek ◽  
Baraniak ◽  
Walczak ◽  
Karolewski
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
New Host ◽  
Parasitoid Complex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enemy Free Space

Recently in Poland, cases of host expansion have frequently been observed in the typically monophagous bird-cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymella), which has moved from its native host plant, bird cherry (Prunus padus), to a new, widely distributed plant that is invasive in Europe, black cherry (P. serotina). We attempted to verify the reasons behind this host change in the context of the enemy-free space hypothesis by focusing on parasitoids attacking larval Y. evonymella on one of three host plant variants: The primary host, P. padus; initially P. padus and later P. serotina (P. padus/P. serotina); or the new host, P. serotina. This experiment investigated if changing the host plant could be beneficial to Y. evonymella in terms of escaping from harmful parasitoids and improving survival rate. We identified nine species of parasitoids that attack larval Y. evonymella, and we found that the number of parasitoid species showed a downward trend from the primary host plant to the P. padus/P. serotina combination to the new host plant alone. We observed a significant difference among variants in relation to the percentage of cocoons killed by specific parasitoids, but no effects of non-specific parasitoids or other factors. Total mortality did not significantly differ (ca. 37%) among larval rearing variants. Changing the host plant caused differences in the structure of the parasitoid complex of Y. evonymella but did not improve its survival rate. This study does not indicate that the host expansion of Y. evonymella is associated with the enemy-free space hypothesis; we therefore discuss alternative scenarios that may be more likely.

scholarly journals A review of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae and their host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1728 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL N. MAGNACCA ◽  
DAVID FOOTE ◽  
PATRICK M. O’GRADY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Insight Into

The Hawaiian Drosophilidae is one of the best examples of rapid speciation in nature. Nearly 1,000 species of endemic drosophilids have evolved in situ in Hawaii since a single colonist arrived over 25 million years ago. A number of mechanisms, including ecological adaptation, sexual selection, and geographic isolation, have been proposed to explain the evolution of this hyperdiverse group of species. Here, we examine the known ecological associations of 326 species of endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae in light of the phylogenetic relationships of these species. Our analysis suggests that the long-accepted belief of strict ecological specialization in this group does not hold for all taxa. While many species have a primary host plant family, females will also oviposit on non-preferred host plant taxa. Host shifting is fairly common in some groups, especially the grimshawi and modified mouthparts species groups of Drosophila, and the Scaptomyza subgenus Elmomyza. Associations with types of substrates (bark, leaves, flowers) are more evolutionarily conserved than associations with host plant families. These data not only give us insight into the role ecology has played in the evolution of this large group, but can help in making decisions about the management of rare and endangered host plants and the insects that rely upon them for survival.

d-(+)-Pinitol, an oviposition stimulant for the pipevine swallowtail butterfly,Battus philenor

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Papaj ◽  
Paul Feeny ◽  
Kusum Sachdev-Gupta ◽  
Lorraine Rosenberry
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Stimulant ◽  
Battus Philenor ◽  
Swallowtail Butterfly ◽  
Pipevine Swallowtail

scholarly journals Extensive transcriptional changes in the aphid species Myzus cerasi under different host environments associated with detoxification genes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Carmen M. Escudero-Martinez ◽  
Sebastian Eves-van den Akker ◽  
Jorunn I.B. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Host Alternation

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause yield losses to crops globally. These insects feature complex life cycles, which in the case of many agriculturally important species involves the use of primary and secondary host plant species. Whilst host alternation between primary and secondary host can occur in the field depending on host availability and the environment, aphid populations maintained as laboratory stocks generally are kept under conditions that allow asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis on secondary hosts. Here, we used Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) to assess aphid transcriptional differences between populations collected from primary hosts in the field and those adapted to secondary hosts under controlled environment conditions. Adaptation experiments of M. cerasi collected from local cherry tress to reported secondary host species resulted in low survival rates. Moreover, aphids were unable to survive on secondary host Land cress, unless first adapted to another secondary host, cleavers. Transcriptome analyses of populations collected from primary host cherry in the field and the two secondary host plant species in a controlled environment showed extensive transcriptional plasticity to a change in host environment, with predominantly genes involved in redox reactions differentially regulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes across the M. cerasi populations from the different host environments were duplicated and we found evidence for differential exon usage. In contrast, we observed only limited transcriptional to a change in secondary host plant species.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Bibit Cendana (Santalum album L.) dengan Inang Primer pada Intensitas Radiasi Berbeda

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-485
Author(s):  
Yudi Riadi FanggidaE ◽  
Impron Impron ◽  
Tania June
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Santalum Album L

The primary host of sandalwood seeds (Santalum album L.) which is widely used in the nursery process is Alternanthera sp. However, the local name given to this primary host is same as that given to Portulaca sp. The same local name for these two-different species may cause mistakes in the use of the primary host during the cultivating process of sandalwood. Meanwhile, the ability of the Portulaca sp. as the primary host is unknown. Information about the right radiation intensity of the sandalwood seedling is still limited. The study aims to analyze the growth of sandalwood seedlings grown with primary host of Alternanthera sp. and Portulaca sp. at different radiation intensities. The completely randomized design with two treatments factor were used, namely differences in shade levels (without shade, 25, 50, and 75%) and differences in the types of primary hosts. The result showed that the primary hosts of Alternanthera sp. have the best growth for sandalwood seeds compared to sandalwood seedlings planted with Portulaca sp. The shading must be adjusted to the type of primary host. Sandalwood seeds grown with Alternanthera sp. as primary hosts grow best at 50% and 75% paranet shade conditions, in radiation range of 9.86–12.17 MJ/m2/day. Sandalwood seeds planted with Portulaca sp. as a primary host grow best in 25% paranet shade, that is at average radiation of 13.62 MJ/m2/day. The use of Alternanthera sp. and shade provision (50–75%) is highly recommended in sandalwood seedlings.   Keywords: haustoria, hemiparasite, primary host plant, sandalwood, symbiosis

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