Use of a plasma reactor with a three-jet mixing chamber for processing of liquid toxic waste materials

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A. L. Mossé ◽  
D. Hebecker ◽  
G. N. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Mixing Chamber

Toxic Effects of Chromium Acetate Hydroxide on Cells Cultivated In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Rudolf ◽  
Jan Peychl ◽  
Miroslav Červinka
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Discrete Manner ◽  
Chromium Acetate

Many human activities, particularly industrial ones, result in an ever-growing production of toxic waste materials. The dynamics of the toxic effects of chromium acetate hydroxide, which is found in high concentrations in a waste sediment produced in the Czech Republic, were assessed by using a battery of in vitro tests carried out on two cell lines: L-929 (mouse fibroblasts) and Hep 2 (human laryngeal cells). Various markers of cell damage were assessed by phase-contrast, video and fluorescence microscopy, fluorometry, and DNA analysis. Chromium acetate hydroxide, over a concentration range of 1–0.02mol/l induced immediate cell death by fixation, whereas, at 0.002mol/l, the treated cells died in a much slower, more discrete manner. All the detected markers of cell damage, whether immediate or slow, clearly demonstrated that the cells died by necrosis. On the other hand, test concentration of 0.001mol/l appeared to constitute a threshold at which no pathological changes of Hep 2 cells were observed over 96 hours. We conclude that chromium acetate hydroxide has a high toxic potential in vitro, which should be considered when studying the toxicity of waste materials containing it.

scholarly journals Reduction of tar from biomass gasification using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
M Lim ◽  
Z Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Dbd Reactor

Abstract A non-thermal plasma reactor was used to investigate its effectiveness in reducing the by-products from biomass gasification. Biomass is used for generating heat and power through gasification, which is a process of converting solid fuel to gaseous fuel at temperatures of 700 to 900 °C by operating a reactor in sub-stoichiometric conditions. This gas mixture can be utilized for liquid fuel synthesis or for fuel cells. However, the by-product of gasification consists of tar, which consists of oxygenates, ringed-aromatics, phenolic compounds, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Depending on the composition, the condensation temperature can be as high as 450 °C, fouling downstream equipment. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with a coil as the inner electrode was used to reduce toluene, a model tar compound. Toluene was injected into a mixing chamber that was heated to 900 °C, evaporating the toluene, and is entrained by nitrogen into the DBD reactor. High voltage is injected into the DBD reactor to initiate ionization, decomposing the toluene into lighter hydrocarbons. A sampling bottle submerged in an ice bath collects the residual toluene, and the resulting decomposition rate is as high as 70%.

scholarly journals Selection of the best plasma reactor for the diamond chemical vapor deposition operation of waste materials using multi-criteria decision-making models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Decision Making Models

Abstract Wastes emerged as potential alternative energy to flourish in various useful materials and commodities for human demands. In the civilized nation's variety of industrial projects of plasma, reactors underwent the decision-making models, project approval and even exploitation stages from long ago. The current study comprised waste materials utilization in diamond deposition purposes via chemical vapor deposition for constructing future industries firstly. To select the best plasma reactor were employed seven multi-criteria decision-making models in combination with three kinds of weighing systems to select the best plasma reactor empirically. Initial data for assessment possessed from a deep literature review based on probative technologies. It was classified and prioritized the plasma reactors in a coherent connection for direct gasification operation and placed them in a relevant arrangement media for partial gasification assortment. The developed assortment of plasma reactors was generally indicated as alternating current, direct current, glow, microwave, high-Frequency plasma, laser, Plasmatron and flame at direct gasification operation respectively. The high degree of stability among multi-criteria decision-making models and the sensitivity analysis employed for the weights and ranks released for alternatives and criteria had confirmed the precision and validity required. Also, on the global level, the findings of the present study proved the implementation of direct current plasma gasification reactors in large scale industries.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on concrete containing E-waste as course aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Bibek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Sandeep singh
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Waste Particles

Abstract Electrical and Electronic waste (e-waste) is increasing rapidly in the world, and is passing severe toxic waste issues to the human beings and the environment. About 80% to 85% of various electronic items, wastes are decomposed in landfills which might include or discharge lethal gases into air, may have an effect on human beings and environment. For solving and minimizing the discarding of huge quantity E-waste substance, recycle of E-waste materials in concrete production is well thought-out as the mainly possible purpose. It helps to eliminate the concrete materials deficiency issues that are currently going on in construction industry and it also helps to develop the strength of concrete mix and decrease the rate of concrete. In the current study, a novel attempt has been made by adding optimum weight polypropylene fiber with partial replacement of 20 mm E-waste particles as course aggregate. E-waste with pp fiber is employed in concrete in order to improve the strength of concrete mix. The work was carried out on M35 grade concrete specimen (without use of E-waste particles and pp fibers) and with a partial substitution of course aggregates with E-waste particles in range of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% with respect to the weight of aggregate and pp fibers in the range of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% with respect to the weight of cement. Comp. strength, Tensile strength and flexural strength of fibrous concrete with E-waste materials and not including e-waste materials as course aggregates was experimented which presented an excellent strength gain.

Green Materials Obtained by Geopolymerization for a Sustainable Future

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
Green Materials

Geopolymerization techniques allow the conversion of industrial waste materials into environmentally friendly materials. The vast list of applications includes thermal insulation, fire-resistant materials, construction materials, refractory linings, cements and concretes, encapsulation of radioactive and toxic waste etc. The book presents the technological processes involved, as well as the characterization and applications of the resulting ecomaterials.

Toxic Waste Disposal

2015 ◽  
pp. 162-176
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Toxic Wastes ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Recognizing the severity of the toxic waste disposal, approximately 50 countries signed a treaty in 1989 seeking to regulate and control the international shipments that contain toxic waste materials. However, the primary challenge that hinders the proper disposal of hazardous waste remains the high costs of disposal and the time-consuming nature of the disposal process. These two factors constitute the main reasons why some companies seek out clandestine means to dispose of their toxic wastes instead of adhering to the laws and regulations, thus endangering both the environment and the health of surrounding living beings. A proper disposal system is essential to guarantee the safety of living creatures, as well as the welfare of the surrounding environment. However, sometimes that is easier said than done, and even disposal techniques that abide by the relevant laws may have unforeseen and devastating consequences on the lives of the employees carrying out the disposal process. This chapter explores toxic waste disposal.

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