Federal Food Assistance Programs and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Low-Income Preschool Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Johnson ◽  
Michele Montgomery ◽  
Patrick Ewell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Food Assistance Programs ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Federal Food

Abstract P037: School Lunch is Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk Among Middle-school Children

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa S de Visser ◽  
Rachel Sylvester ◽  
Qingmei Jiang ◽  
Eva Kline-Rogers ◽  
Jean DuRussel-Weston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
School Lunches ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

Introduction: Millions of children consume school lunches daily. Children from low-income families are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals. While studies show improvement in the nutritional quality of school lunches, the effect of school lunch or lunch brought from home on cardiovascular risk factors among children is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that frequently consuming school lunch is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors when compared with lunch brought from home. Methods: All 15,742 sixth graders enrolled in Project Healthy Schools, a school-based wellness intervention, were included in this cross-sectional study (2004-2015). We examined 10,169 behavioral surveys and 1,845 physiological screenings. We compared self-reported diet, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and physiologic parameters (height, weight, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate) in 2 groups, children who reported eating school lunch daily and those who eat home-prepared lunch daily. The groups were further stratified by socioeconomic status (SES); low SES (<$35,000) or high SES (>$50,000) based on the median household income of the school region. Students in the middle SES range ($35,000-$50,000) were excluded from analysis (n=4230). Results: School lunch students were associated with less healthy behaviors (PA, diet [fruit/vegetable servings, meat and sugary beverage intake], and sedentary activities) and physiologic measures (percent of overweight/obesity, systolic BP and recovery heart rate) compared with students bringing lunch from home in low and high SES groups (Table 1). Conclusions: In this large cohort of children, we observed frequent school lunch consumption, even after adjustment for SES, was associated with less healthy behaviors and physiologic parameters. Further research is warranted to determine whether healthier school lunches would improve cardiovascular health characteristics and health behaviors in middle-school students.

Abstract MP47: The Association of Socioeconomic Status with Subclinical Myocardial Damage

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E Fretz ◽  
Andrea L Schneider ◽  
John McEvoy ◽  
Ron Hoogeveen ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and clinical cardiovascular events is well established. However, little is known about the relationship between SES and subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by a novel highly sensitive assay for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 11,411 participants from the ARIC Study with no history of cardiovascular disease who had hs-cTnT measured at visit 2 (1990-1992). SES was defined using either annual household income, categorized as: low (<$16,000), mid-level ($16,000 - $34,999), high (≥ $35,000), or lifetime educational attainment, categorized as: low (<12th grade), mid-level (12th grade/some college) and high (college degree or higher). hs-cTnT was categorized as non-elevated (<14 ng/L) and elevated (≥ 14ng/L). Poisson regression was used to generate prevalence ratios for elevated hs-cTnT, separately by level of income and education after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Results: Persons with low income or low education were more likely to have subclinical myocardial damage as assessed by elevated hs-cTnT (≥14ng/L). Adjusted prevalence ratios for elevated troponin comparing low to high levels of income and education were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.29) and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.97), respectively (Table, Model 1). These results were slightly attenuated, but remained statistically significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviors (Models 2 and 3). Race-stratified results demonstrate a somewhat stronger and only significant association of low education with subclinical myocardial damage in blacks compared to whites (PR 1.83 vs 1.05, p-interaction =0.08). There was no race interaction with income (p-interaction =0.33). Conclusions: Low SES was associated with elevated hs-cTnT, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in blacks. Further research is needed to explore how low SES contributes to subclinical myocardial damage.

scholarly journals Association between obesity indicators and cardiovascular risk factors among adults in low-income Han Chinese from southwest China

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (30) ◽  
pp. e20176
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Dingming Wang ◽  
Fen Dong ◽  
Yangwen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Han Chinese

Elevated inflammatory Lp-PLA2 and IL-6 link e-waste Pb toxicity to cardiovascular risk factors in preschool children

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueling Lu ◽  
Xijin Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yuling Zhang ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Pb Toxicity

scholarly journals A Laboratory-based Grocery Store Study to Evaluate Food Price Elasticity by Status of Participation in Federal Food Assistance Programs (FS02-02-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Conrad ◽  
LuAnn Johnson ◽  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
James Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Food Assistance ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Food Assistance Programs ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Federal Food

Abstract Objectives Federal food assistance programs target low-income and nutritionally-vulnerable Americans, with the dual goals of reducing food insecurity and improving diet quality. Individuals on limited food budgets may face constraints on their ability to purchase healthy foods when their prices increase, which could mitigate the intended impact of federal feeding programs. To better understand the effect of food price changes on healthy food purchases, we use a laboratory-based grocery store experiment to estimate the own- and cross-price elasticity of foods among individuals participating in federal food assistance programs (participants) and those not participating in these programs (non-participants). We focus on eggs, which are rich in many important nutrients and can be a healthy part of a wide range of cultural food menus. Methods Participants (n = 40) and non-participants (n = 40) were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects were assigned a food budget based on the USDA Thrifty Food Plan, and were asked to purchase enough food for their families for a one week period using our laboratory-based grocery store. Questionnaires and body measurements were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and body mass index. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between food price changes and food purchases (price elasticity). Results Subjects in both groups decreased their egg purchases by 6.9–8.6% for every 10% increase in egg price, although no difference in price elasticity was observed between groups. For every 10% increase in the price of all non-egg foods, egg purchases increased by 3.3% among participants but not non-participants, and purchases for foods such as lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains decreased by up to 14% among both groups. Conclusions Subjects in both groups purchased fewer eggs when their price increased. When the price of non-egg foods increased, participants moderately increased their purchase of eggs, and subjects in both groups drastically decreased their purchase of many healthy foods. Efforts to emphasize healthy eating strategies on limited budgets will be especially important during times of food price increases. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Egg Nutrition Center/American Egg Board and USDA-ARS.

scholarly journals Low Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET W. MAYNARD ◽  
HONG FANG ◽  
MICHELLE PETRI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Low Education

Objective.Accelerated atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet little is known about the effect of socioeconomic status. We investigated whether education or income levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in SLE.Methods.Our study involved a longitudinal cohort of all patients with SLE enrolled in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort from 1987 through September 2011. Socioeconomic status was measured by education level (≥ 12 years or < 12) and income tertiles (> $60,000, $25,000–$60,000, or < $25,000).Results.A total of 1752 patients with SLE were followed prospectively every 3 months. There were 1052 whites and 700 African Americans. Current smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were more common in African Americans (p < 0.01 for all), but there was no statistical difference in the frequency of myocardial infarction or stroke. In multivariate analyses stratified by ethnicity, low income was strongly associated with most traditional cardiovascular risk factors in whites, but only with smoking and diabetes in African Americans. In whites, low income increased the risk of both myocardial infarction (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.41–7.45, p = 0.006) and stroke (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.56–5.21, p = 0.001); in African Americans, these relationships were not seen. Low education, in contrast, was associated with smoking in both ethnic groups.Conclusion.Low income, not low education, is the socioeconomic status variable associated with cardiovascular risk factors and events. This association is most clearly demonstrable in whites.

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