Center-of-Mass Tomography of Coherent States of Two Free Particles†

Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Chernega
1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moshinsky ◽  
A. del Sol Mesa

This paper does not deal with cockroaches running, as they sometimes seem to do, at a speed close to that of light. Rather its subject is a cockroach nest, i.e., a normally innocuous crack in the wall, but from which cockroaches start pouring out if some food is put near it. The physical problem concerns first the possible values of the energy of two relativistic free particles. An elementary classical calculation, in the center of mass frame of reference, shows that energy levels E appear at E ≥ 2mc2 and E ≤ −2mc2but also at E = 0. The latter is our crack in the wall. Turning to quantum mechanics for two Dirac free particles we obtain explicitly the infinite number of states present at E = 0. We consider then a Poincaré-invariant two-body problem, along the lines suggested by Barut, and see how we can pass from two free particles, to the ones in which different types of interaction are present, i.e., put food near our cockroach nest in the wall. In particular when the two particles have a Dirac oscillator type of interaction, we can see exactly that in some cases the cockroach nest remains inert, in others, the cockroaches pour out, i.e., levels start pouring out from the one with E = 0. A variational procedure allows us to carry out numerical calculations for a particle–antiparticle system with Dirac oscillator interactions as well as what we call "positronium." In both cases all the cockroaches come out of the crack, i.e., all the degenerate states abandon the original E = 0. In the conclusion we indicate that this type of phenomenon also appears in the relativistic Hamiltonians employed by atomic physicists, and that the awareness of its existence may be of use in these types of calculations.


2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 1171-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ALBERTO ◽  
S. S. AVANCINI ◽  
M. FIOLHAIS

We have used the Peierls–Yoccoz method to remove the center-of-mass energy of nuclei in the framework of mean-field sigma-omega models. The method is illustrated using small nuclei, such as the alpha particle and the nucleon itself. A quantized Hamiltonian of the model is required to implement the method. Nuclei are bound states of bare nucleons stabilized through the interactions with sigma and omega meson fields, which are described by coherent states. The quantized Hamiltonian contains a two-body quartic fermion interaction and it is shown that the exchange term has a large effect on the energy.


1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Grabowecky ◽  
Lynn C. Robertson ◽  
Anne Treisman

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Yu. Kurochkin ◽  
Dz. Shoukavy ◽  
I. Boyarina

The immobility of the center of mass in spaces of constant curvature is postulated based on its definition obtained in [1]. The system of two particles which interact through a potential depending only on the distance between particles on a three-dimensional sphere is considered. The Hamilton-Jacobi equation is formulated and its solutions and trajectory equations are found. It was established that the reduced mass of the system depends on the relative distance.


Author(s):  
Denys Popelysh ◽  
Yurii Seluk ◽  
Sergyi Tomchuk

This article discusses the question of the possibility of improving the roll stability of partially filled tank vehicles while braking. We consider the dangers associated with partially filled tank vehicles. We give examples of the severe consequences of road traffic accidents that have occurred with tank vehicles carrying dangerous goods. We conducted an analysis of the dynamic processes of fluid flow in the tank and their influence on the basic parameters of the stability of vehicle. When transporting a partially filled tank due to the comparability of the mass of the empty tank with the mass of the fluid being transported, the dynamic qualities of the vehicle change so that they differ significantly from the dynamic characteristics of other vehicles. Due to large displacements of the center of mass of cargo in the tank there are additional loads that act vehicle and significantly reduce the course stability and the drivability. We consider the dynamics of liquid sloshing in moving containers, and give examples of building a mechanical model of an oscillating fluid in a tank and a mathematical model of a vehicle with a tank. We also considered the method of improving the vehicle’s stability, which is based on the prediction of the moment of action and the nature of the dynamic processes of liquid cargo and the implementation of preventive actions by executive mechanisms. Modern automated control systems (anti-lock brake system, anti-slip control systems, stabilization systems, braking forces distribution systems, floor level systems, etc.) use a certain list of elements for collecting necessary parameters and actuators for their work. This gives the ability to influence the course stability properties without interfering with the design of the vehicle only by making changes to the software of these systems. Keywords: tank vehicle, roll stability, mathematical model, vehicle control systems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harabasz

Collisions of heavy nuclei at (ultra-)relativistic energies provide a fascinating opportunity to re-create various forms of matter in the laboratory. For a short extent of time (10-22 s), matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density can exist. In dedicated experiments, one explores the microscopic structure of strongly interacting matter and its phase diagram. In heavy-ion reactions at SIS18 collision energies, matter is substantially compressed (2–3 times ground-state density), while moderate temperatures are reached (T < 70 MeV). The conditions closely resemble those that prevail, e.g., in neutron star mergers. Matter under such conditions is currently being studied at the High Acceptance DiElecton Spectrometer (HADES). Important topics of the research program are the mechanisms of strangeness production, the emissivity of matter, and the role of baryonic resonances herein. In this contribution, we will focus on the important experimental results obtained by HADES in Au+Au collisions at 2.4 GeV center-of-mass energy. We will also present perspectives for future experiments with HADES and CBM at SIS100, where higher beam energies and intensities will allow for the studies of the first-order deconfinement phase transition and its critical endpoint.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dam Viet Phuong ◽  
Quoc Tru Vu ◽  
Anh Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
pp. 3994-4013
Author(s):  
Aaron Hanken

We find the highest symmetry between the fields intrinsic to free particles (free particles having only mass, charge and spin), and show these fields symmetries and their close relationship to force and entropy. The Boltzmann Constant is equal to the natural entropy, in that it is The Planck Energy over The Planck Temperature. This completes a needed symmetry in The Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy. Upon substitution of Planck Units into The Schwarzschild Radius, we find that the mass and radius of any black hole define both the gravitational constant and the natural force. We find that the Gaussian Surface area about a particle is equal to the surface area of an equally massed black hole if we define the gravitational field of that particle to be the quotient of The Planck Force and the particles mass. By these simple substitutions we find that gravity is quantized in units of surface entropy. We also find Pythagorean Triples are resting within the dimensional parameters of Special Relativity, and show this to be the dimensional aspects of single particles observing one another, coupled with the intrinsic Hubble nature of the universe.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Z Heibati ◽  
A Mahdifar ◽  
E Amooghorban ◽  
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Keyword(s):  

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