Effect of accelerated weathering on the creep behaviour of additively manufactured Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Romeijn ◽  
Karanvir Singh ◽  
Michael Behrens ◽  
Gavin Paul
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Accelerated Weathering

scholarly journals Artificial Weathering Mechanisms of Uncoated Structural Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabrics with Focus on Tensile Strength Degradation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Hastia Asadi ◽  
Joerg Uhlemann ◽  
Natalie Stranghoener ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Pet Fabric

In the past five decades, reinforced coated textile membranes have been used increasingly as building materials, which are environmentally exposed. Thus, their weathering degradation over the service life must be taken into account in design, fabrication, and construction. Regarding such structural membranes, PVC (polyvinylchloride)-coated PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabric is one of the most common commercially available types. This paper focuses on the backbone of it, i.e., the woven PET fabric. Herein, weathering of uncoated PET, as the load-bearing component of the composite PET-PVC, was studied. This study assessed the uniaxial tensile strength degradation mechanisms of uncoated PET fabric during artificial accelerated weathering tests. For this purpose, exploratory data analysis was carried out to analyze the chemical and physical changes which were traced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular weight measurements. Finally, with the help of degradation mechanisms determined from the aforementioned evaluations, a degradation pathway network model was constructed. With that, the relationship between applied stress, mechanistic variables, structural changes, and performance level responses (tensile strength degradation) was assessed.

scholarly journals The performance and durability of polyethylene terephthalate and crumb rubber–modified road pavement surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Chris Maharaj ◽  
Martina Mahase
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
Marshall Stability

This research investigates the influence of waste polymeric polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials obtained from waste plastic bottles and crumb rubber (CR) obtained from used automobile tyres on the performance (Marshall stability, flow and compression) and durability (weathering) characteristics of road-paving material made from Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen and the world-renowned Trinidad Lake Asphalt. Apart from possibly serving as additives to improve performance, incorporating waste PET and CR in asphaltic road-paving materials also offers a viable means of alleviating health and environmental problems associated with the waste disposal of PET and CR. The results of the Marshall testing found that the optimum dosage for polymer modification was 1.0% and 5.0% for PET and CR polymers, respectively. In comparison with a Marshall stability value for the unmodified asphalt sample of 10.2 kN with a corresponding flow value of 3.1 mm, the 5% PET modified sample had a Marshall stability value of 10.2 kN with a flow value of 3.2 mm, while the CR modified sample recorded the highest Marshall stability value of 10.7 kN at corresponding flow value of 2.8 mm. An undesirable trend of the gradual increasing of the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) with incremental increases in the % of added PET and CR was observed; however, for all the modified specimens with the exception of the 5% PET modified sample, the VMA fell within the acceptable range of between 14% and 20%. The results of accelerated weathering and compression testing demonstrated that both the 1% PET and the 5% CR-modified samples had higher durability and compressive strength characteristics than the unmodified samples. Compressive stress values for the polymer-modified specimens were in excess of 45% compared to the unmodified ones. The relevance of the values obtained in this study cannot be ignored as it provides practical and essential data, especially of the optimal dosages of PET and CR required for the enhancement of the mechanical and durability properties of the Trinidad road-paving materials while simultaneously providing an environmentally desirable and sustainable method for reusing these waste polymers. Commercial application of the optimum formulation can be immediately implemented.

scholarly journals Polyethylene terephthalate degradation under natural and accelerated weathering conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 109873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Sang ◽  
Christopher J. Wallis ◽  
Gavin Hill ◽  
George J.P. Britovsek
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Accelerated Weathering

Elastic and viscoelastic behaviour of sandwich panels with glass-fibre reinforced polymer faces and polyethylene terephthalate foam core

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Garrido ◽  
João R Correia
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

This paper presents experimental and analytical investigations about the elastic and viscoelastic (creep) behaviour of sandwich panels made of glass-fibre reinforced polymer faces and a polyethylene terephthalate foam core, produced by vacuum infusion for civil engineering structural applications. First, the elastic response of the panels’ constituent materials (glass-fibre reinforced polymer and polyethylene terephthalate) in tension, compression and shear was experimentally assessed; shear tests on the foam were carried out using a novel test method, the diagonal tension shear test. The creep behaviour in shear of the polyethylene terephthalate foam was evaluated for different load levels. The effective flexural properties of the full-scale sandwich panels as well as their flexural behaviour up to failure were experimentally assessed. Flexural creep and subsequent recovery experiments were also conducted for different load levels, to characterise the viscoelastic behaviour of the full-scale sandwich panels. Creep deformations of the polyethylene terephthalate foam and of the sandwich panels were found to be significantly lower than those corresponding to polyurethane foam and balsa wood reported in the literature; unrecoverable viscoelastic deformations were observed in the full-scale panels. In the analytical study, the creep response of the panels was modelled using Findley’s power law and the composite creep modelling approach. The composite creep modelling predictions were reasonably accurate and allowed assessing the relative contributions of bending and shear deformations to the total sandwich panel creep deflections.

Treatment of polyethylene terephthalate in a He glow discharge

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-357-Pr3-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Papakonstantinou ◽  
D. Mataras ◽  
Arefi-Khonsari
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate

Simple Modification Measurement of Photodegradability of Polymers by using Photo-induced Chemiluminescence Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Siti Farhana Zakaria ◽  
Keith R Millington
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Uv Absorbers ◽  
Irradiation Period

Polymers and organic materials that are exposed to sunlight undergo photooxidation, which leads to deterioration of their physical properties. To allow adequate performance under outdoor conditions, synthetic polymers require additives such as antioxidants and UV absorbers. A major problem with optimising polymer formulations to maximise their working life span is that accelerated weathering tests are empirical. The conditions differ significantly from real weathering situations, and samples require lengthy irradiation period. Degradation may not be apparent in the early stages of exposure, although this is when products such as hydroperoxides are formed which later cause acceleration of oxidation. A simple way of quantifying the number of free radicals presents in organic materials following exposure to light or heat is by measuring chemiluminescence (CL) emission. Most polymers emit CL when they undergo oxidative degradation, and it originates from the bimolecular reaction of macroperoxy radicals which creates an excited carbonyl.

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