scholarly journals The performance and durability of polyethylene terephthalate and crumb rubber–modified road pavement surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Chris Maharaj ◽  
Martina Mahase
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
Marshall Stability

This research investigates the influence of waste polymeric polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials obtained from waste plastic bottles and crumb rubber (CR) obtained from used automobile tyres on the performance (Marshall stability, flow and compression) and durability (weathering) characteristics of road-paving material made from Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen and the world-renowned Trinidad Lake Asphalt. Apart from possibly serving as additives to improve performance, incorporating waste PET and CR in asphaltic road-paving materials also offers a viable means of alleviating health and environmental problems associated with the waste disposal of PET and CR. The results of the Marshall testing found that the optimum dosage for polymer modification was 1.0% and 5.0% for PET and CR polymers, respectively. In comparison with a Marshall stability value for the unmodified asphalt sample of 10.2 kN with a corresponding flow value of 3.1 mm, the 5% PET modified sample had a Marshall stability value of 10.2 kN with a flow value of 3.2 mm, while the CR modified sample recorded the highest Marshall stability value of 10.7 kN at corresponding flow value of 2.8 mm. An undesirable trend of the gradual increasing of the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) with incremental increases in the % of added PET and CR was observed; however, for all the modified specimens with the exception of the 5% PET modified sample, the VMA fell within the acceptable range of between 14% and 20%. The results of accelerated weathering and compression testing demonstrated that both the 1% PET and the 5% CR-modified samples had higher durability and compressive strength characteristics than the unmodified samples. Compressive stress values for the polymer-modified specimens were in excess of 45% compared to the unmodified ones. The relevance of the values obtained in this study cannot be ignored as it provides practical and essential data, especially of the optimal dosages of PET and CR required for the enhancement of the mechanical and durability properties of the Trinidad road-paving materials while simultaneously providing an environmentally desirable and sustainable method for reusing these waste polymers. Commercial application of the optimum formulation can be immediately implemented.

Performance of Waste Polymer Modified Road Paving Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Chris Maharaj ◽  
Areo Hosein
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Polymeric Additives ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Waste Polymer ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
Asphaltic Materials

The reuse of waste crumb rubber (CR) (used tyres) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) (plastic beverage bottles) is of particular interest in Trinidad and Tobago since present disposal techniques presents environmental and health challenges. The results of this study investigating the influence of PET and CR on the performance characteristics of the HMA2 pavement design using Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) filled an information gap as no previous studies utilizing these indigenous asphaltic materials exist. Existing information using asphaltic materials other than TLA and TPB are irrelevant as variations in performance characteristics due to the addition of polymeric additives can vary from asphalt to asphalt due to differences in source and chemical composition of the parent binder. The results of this study show that a 6% CR and PET addition achieved the highest performance advantage demonstrated by an increase in the Marshall Quotient of between 21–22% and an insignificant decrease in the Bulk Specific Gravity (0.2%) compared to the unmodified blend. The improvement in the mechanical properties and the performance of the modified pavement materials observed is evidence of the useful effects of these waste materials in road paving design and offer a beneficial strategy for the reuse of these waste materials.

scholarly journals Increasing the Stability of Asphalt Concrete Mixture Using Crumb Rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Fajar Romadhon ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra ◽  
Dwifi Aprillia Karisma ◽  
Muhammad Heri Nastotok ◽  
Rendy Kurnia Dewanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stability is a measure of the strength of an asphalt mixture in resisting deformation due to loading. If a road construction structure cannot withstand the existing load, it will result in road damage that endangers road users. This study aims to improve the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture with the use of crumb rubber. Crumb rubber is used because it has good resistance and elasticity. The research was conducted experimentally by making test objects in the laboratory. In this study, five variations crumb rubber (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the weight asphalt mixture) were carried out with the size of the powder retained on a 40 sieve. Marshall test and analysis of volumetric was carried out to determine the characteristics of the asphalt-concrete mixture. The results showed that the highest Marshall stability was obtained at 10% crumb rubber with a stability value of 1422 kg. The use of rubber powder can significantly increase the strength and quality of the asphalt-concrete mixture. Thus, crumb rubber can be used, and this percentage can be used as a reference in the manufacture of asphalt-concrete mixtures in order to obtain good road pavement quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Crumb Rubber on Selected Properties of Asphaltic Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
B.T. Ola ◽  
H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Marshall Stability

This study investigated the combined effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and crumb rubber (CR) as modifiers on some properties of asphaltic concrete. Asphaltic concrete materials were obtained from a construction site. CR of 9.5 mm size was obtained by sieving, while PET bottles were collected, sorted, washed, dried and shredded by mechanical means. The physical properties of these materials were determined following standard procedure. Bitumen was modified by wet process with PET and characterised. Asphaltic concrete samples with partial replacement of coarse aggregate in the mix with CR were prepared. Samples without modifiers were also prepared as control. These were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The percentage variation for stability and flow between the control and the modified mixes, were 27 % and 0.29 % respectively, while those of the volumetric properties of bulk density, voids filled bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) were 0 %, - 0.13 %, 0 % and 0 % respectively. It was concluded that, there was no  difference between the flow and volumetric properties of the control and modified mixes. Keywords:  Polyethylene terephthalate, crumb rubber, asphaltic concrete, stability, flow, volumetric parameters

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

scholarly journals Binding Property Evaluation of Low Melting Point Filaments with Conventional Filaments in Weft-Knitted Fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501801300
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Lin ◽  
Jiali Jiang ◽  
Shuangxi Xu ◽  
Yueping Chen ◽  
Yuanchao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Pet Fabric ◽  
Young’S Moduli

In this paper, low melting point polyamide (LMPA) filaments and low melting point polyethylene terephthalate (LMPET) filaments were blended with conventional filaments, including polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), to prepare weft-knitted fabrics. The binding properties of low the melting point filaments in weft-knitted fabrics after heat treatment were investigated by testing mechanical properties and observing the morphology. The effect of heat treatment on the binding properties of the low melting point filaments is discussed. Tensile stress at small deformations and Young's moduli of all fabrics increased and then decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature or time. Thus, an optimal heat treatment process is obtained. LMPA/PA fabric shows better binding properties than LMPET/PET fabric. Both are better than other fabrics considered in this study. This could lead to commercial application of these fabrics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Plastik Jenis Thermosetting Terhadap Parameter Marshall Laston AC-WC

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Kusdiyono Kusdiyono ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Tedjo Mulyono ◽  
Sukoyo Sukoyo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
The Impact

At present, plastic is a material that is needed by the community at large, where the impact is also very extraordinary after the plastic is used in everyday life which can cause serious problems if the management is not done properly. The problem of plastic waste does not only occur in the city of Semarang, but also in other cities, so that the Ministry of Environment and Forestry has implemented a paid plastic bag program in the short term. But this is only to deal with problems in the short term. In the long run, it will not solve the problem of "plastic waste", because the policy actually encourages people to buy plastic which, of course, will add a new burden for the community to buy it. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to utilize this plastic waste to be made into road pavement materials such as in the manufacture of Asphal Concrette Wearing Course, by making 5 mixed variations ranging from (2 to 10)% of the weight of the aggregate . This research was initiated through a survey process, material procurement, testing of stacking materials, making test specimens, testing specimens. The results of the research can show that the type of Thermosetting plastic waste has a significant influence on the Asphalt Concrete mixture AC-WC heat mixture, including: Density, Marshall Stability, Flow, VIM, VMA, MQ and the remaining Marshall Stability tend to show an increase, moderate VFA and VIMrefusal Density values tend to show a decrease. Thus the plastic waste from the Thermosetting type can be used as a partial replacement of the aggregate for the Asphalt Concrete mixture AC-WC heat mixture with a plastic waste content is limited to a maximum of 10% and at an optimum asphalt content of 5.55%. Thus this research is expected to be of benefit to the industry and the people of Semarang in relation to the use of plastic waste for road pavement.

scholarly journals Environmentally friendly material and technological solutions of road pavements

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Piotr Radziszewski ◽  
Karol Kowalski ◽  
Michał Sarnowski ◽  
Piotr Pokorski
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Main Challenge

In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designers and technologists is to develop durable and environmental friendly road technologies that can be successfully applied on natural valuable areas. The paper presents selected modern material and technological solutions used for road pavements on areas under special protection (eg Natura 2000). An example of modern environmentally friendly solutions in road construction are: asphalt pavements with the addition of rubber from used car tires, asphalt mixtures with reduced emissions of volatile substances, “quiet” pavements, pavements from recycled materials and from local materials, “biologically active” pavements (permeable mineral layers). Modern and ecological pavements are the important part of science activity of Warsaw University of Technology. New ongoing project is designed to identify the main directions of technological development of road construction in the next 30 years, with a particular emphasis on the sustainable development and environmental protection. As a part of the two ongoing projects, test sections of pavement have been completed. One of test sections with the addition of crumb rubber and the second one as a “quiet” pavement. For the next years, the sections will be monitored.The proper selection of materials and technologies on natural valuable areas does not deteriorate the durability of road pavement, comfort and safety on the roads and at the same time it can improve environmental safety without interfering with the functioning of valuable ecosystems.

Behavior of Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNTs) as Modifier to Resist Aging and Moisture Damage in Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Arifuzzaman ◽  
R. A. Tarefder ◽  
Muhammad Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Carbon Nano Tubes ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

Background: Moisture damage and aging take place together in asphalt binder as it is on road-pavement in service life and therefore quite difficult to overcome. Various techniques, such as crumb rubber, fibres, etc., have been applied to improve the behaviour of asphalt materials Use of nano materials was found as one of the effective techniques to develop temperature performances of asphalt binder. Methods: This study investigated moisture damage and aging of asphalt binder mixing with the carbon nano tubes (CNTs) using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The base binder was primarily modified with 4% SBS polymer. Later on, CNTs were mixied in different percentages (i.e., 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) by weight with the 4% styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified binders. A special functionalized (-NH3) AFM probe with spring constant 3.44 N/m was utilised to complete the study. Results: The results were compared with 4% SBS modified asphalt with and without CNT addition.The adhesion forces of dry samples were found smaller as compared to wet and aged asphalt samples of with and without CNT. However, the adhesion forces of wet and aged samples with investigated percentage of CNT performed considerably better than those without CNT. Conclusion: This result clearly indicated significant improvement of asphalt to overcome moisture damage and aging owing to exposure in outdoor environment as a paving material. This study recommends any dosage (i.e., 0.5 to 1.5% by weight) of CNT with 4% SBS modified asphalt to resist moisture damage and aging in field.

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