Enhancing the flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties of transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings by introducing boric acid as synergistic agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhisheng Xu ◽  
Zhiyong Chu ◽  
Long Yan
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Synergistic Agent

scholarly journals Flame-retardancy and smoke suppression characteristics of bamboo impregnated with silicate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcates

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1311-1324
Author(s):  
Yating Hua ◽  
Chungui Du ◽  
Huilong Yu ◽  
Ailian Hu ◽  
Rui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Yield

Flame-retardant silicate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcites (CaAl-SiO3-LDHs) were synthesized to treat bamboo for retardancy, to overcome the bamboo’s flammability and reduce the production of toxic smoke during combustion. The microstructure, elemental composition, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression characteristics of the bamboo before and after the fire-retardant treatment with different pressure impregnation were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis (EDX), and cone calorimetry. It was found that CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame retardants can effectively fill and cover the cell wall surface and the cell cavity of bamboo without damaging the microstructure. As compared to the non-flame-retardant bamboo, the heat release rate (HRR) of the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo was significantly reduced, the total heat release (THR) decreased by 31.3%, the residue mass increased by 51.4%, the time to ignition (TTI) delay rate reached 77.8%, the mass loss rate (MLR) decreased, and the carbon formation improved. Additionally, as compared to the non-flame-retardant bamboo, the total smoke release (TSR) of the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo decreased by 38.9%, and the carbon monoxide yield (YCO) approached zero. Thus, the CaAl-SiO3-LDHs flame-retardant bamboo has excellent flame-retardancy and smoke suppression characteristics.

scholarly journals Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4731
Author(s):  
Lina Yue ◽  
Junfei Li ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Yingjuan Sun ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intercalation Complex ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Intercalation Complexes ◽  
Synergistic Agent ◽  
Micro Morphology

Organic modified kaolinite-urea intercalation complex (KUIC) was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the precursor of kaolinite intercalation. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, as a synergistic agent, KUIC was combined with flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin. A cone calorimeter (CONE) was used to study its flame retardancy and smoke suppression, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the micro morphology of the char and flame retardant mechanism. The results show that 12 phr of APP and 3 phr of KUIC were doped into UP to obtain a 28.0% limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. Compared with UP, the heat release rate and smoke production of UP/APP/KUIC composites were greatly decreased. Meanwhile, KUIC indeed enhanced the mechanical properties of UP.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Boric Acid and Borax on Fire-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Saw Dust Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenat A. Nagieb ◽  
Mona A. Nassar ◽  
Magda G. El-Meligy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Saw Dust

Properties of the flame retardant urea formaldehyde (UF) board made from saw dust fibers were investigated. Flame retardant chemicals that were evaluated include boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) which were incorporated with saw dust fibers to manufacture experimental panels. Three concentration levels, (0.5, 1, and 5%) of fire retardants and 10% urea formaldehyde resin based on oven dry fiber weight were used to manufacture experimental panels. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined. The results showed that water absorption and bending strength decreased as the flame retardant increased. The highest concentration of (BA + BX) enhanced the fire retardant more than the lower ones. Scanning electron microscope and FTIR of composite panels were studied.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20391-20402
Author(s):  
Chen Cheng ◽  
Yanling Lu ◽  
Weining Ma ◽  
Shaojie Li ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Composite Shell Structure

Red phosphorus was coated by a polydopamine/melamine composite shell structure, which constituted an intumescent flame retardant with superior flame retardance and smoke suppression performance for epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Mechanical and Fire Performance of Flax Polypropylene Composites with Intumescent Flame Retardant

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4094
Author(s):  
Imran Ali ◽  
Nam Kyeun Kim ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Fume Hood ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Set Up

The integration of intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) additives in natural fiber-based polymer composites enhances the fire-retardant properties, but it generally has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strengths. In this work, the feasibility of graphene as a reinforcement additive and as an effective synergist for IFR-based flax-polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. Noticeable improvements in tensile and flexural properties were achieved with the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the composites. Furthermore, better char-forming ability of GNP in combination with IFR was observed, suppressing HRR curves and thus, lowering the total heat release (THR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) detected a reduction in the decomposition rate due to strong interfacial bonding between GNP and PP, whereas the maximum decomposition rate was observed to occur at a higher temperature. The saturation point for the IFR additive along with GNP has also been highlighted in this study. A safe and effective method of graphene encapsulation within PP using the fume-hood set-up was achieved. Finally, the effect of flame retardant on the flax–PP composite has been simulated using Fire Dynamics Simulator.

Smoke suppression and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin modified by Al 2 O 3 and hyperbranched flame retardant

2021 ◽  
pp. 51654
Author(s):  
Huawei Qiao ◽  
Xiuhuang Lin ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Jiashui Lan ◽  
Huagui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Smoke Suppression

Ramie fiber reinforced composites with flame retardant structure design: flammability, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkai Zhu ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Xiaofei Yan ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Dongming Qi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Abstract In this work, the structure of composite was designed as Core Stack and Surface Stack, which was treated with the expandable graphite (EG) and metal oxides such as iron oxide (IO), hydroxyapatite (HA), and aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH). The mechanical performance of composites was characterized via flexural performance and interlaminar shear strength analysis. The flame retardance and smoke suppression of composite was explored in detail by LOI, UL-94, and cone calorimeter test. The findings presented that flexural properties of composites were observed to decrease due to delamination of surface stack, whilst no significant effect on interlaminar shear strength. In comparison with control composite, the loading of metal oxide into composite Surface Stack led to the reduction of peak heat release rate, total heat release, and fire growth index effectively. Moreover, the remarkable decrease in total smoke production could be observed due to the addition of iron oxide and the flame retardant mechanism was discussed. This study was the preliminary exploration of composite with flame retardant design which could be potential solution to improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of composite with better mechanical structure preservation.

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