scholarly journals The light response in chickens divergently selected for feather pecking behavior reveals mechanistic insights towards psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Falker-Gieske ◽  
Jörn Bennewitz ◽  
Jens Tetens
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Feather Pecking ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Feather pecking is a serious behavioral disorder in chickens that has a considerable impact on animal welfare and poses an economic burden for poultry farming. To study the underlying genetics of feather pecking animals were divergently selected for feather pecking over 15 generations based on estimated breeding values for the behavior. Methods and results By characterizing the transcriptomes of whole brains isolated from high and low feather pecking chickens in response to light stimulation we discovered a putative dysregulation of micro RNA processing caused by a lack of Dicer1. This results in a prominent downregulation of the GABRB2 gene and other GABA receptor transcripts, which might cause a constant high level of excitation in the brains of high feather pecking chickens. Moreover, our results point towards an increase in immune system-related transcripts that may be caused by higher interferon concentrations due to Dicer1 downregulation. Conclusion Based on our results, we conclude that feather pecking in chickens and schizophrenia in humans have numerous common features. For instance, a Dicer1 dependent disruption of miRNA biogenesis and the lack of GABRB2 expression have been linked to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Furthermore, disturbed circadian rhythms and dysregulation of genes involved in the immune system are common features of both conditions.

419. Rational design of bifunctional siRNAs that silence genes and recruit the innate immune system to treat ectopic pregnancies

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
S. Tong ◽  
M. P. Gantier ◽  
M. Belhke ◽  
B. R. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Sirna Sequence ◽  
Sense Strand ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

RNA interference (RNAi) is a new therapeutic approach, silencing genes to disrupt diseases. However, short interfering siRNAs (molecule used in RNAi) can have off-target effects, activating the immune system through RNA sensing toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7 and 8. We have previously proposed that in some diseases (cancers, ectopic pregnancies) it may be useful to enhance the immune response. A novel class of immunostimulatory siRNAs could be developed, silencing genes important to disease and recruiting the immune system to further aid disease clearance. We set out to develop a rational design strategy that enhances immunostimulatory properties to any siRNA sequence but maintains effective gene silencing. We screened a set of siRNAs targeting lamin. All were of the same sequence, except for different immunostimulatory motifs on the 3′ end of the sense strand. We also investigated a different design where we added a small micro-RNA like poly-uridine bulge (potentially immunostimulatory) on the sense strand. We used human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to test for immunostimulation, and HEK 293-T-cells to test for lamin gene knockdown.Of all strategies tested, the poly-uridine bulge was best. It silenced the lamin gene as effectively as control, but caused a 2–3 fold increase of IFN-α and TNF-α. We verified this approach by adding the poly-uridine bulge onto an siRNA of low immunostimulatory potential targeting GFP. The bulge markedly enhanced immunostimulation in a dose response manner, and did not compromise gene knockdown. The addition of a poly-uridine bulge to siRNAs can increase immunostimulation without affecting gene silencing efficacy. Immunostimulatory siRNAs might be particularly efficacious to treat ectopic pregnancies where there are abundant immune cells, and functional TLR 7/8 in the trophoblast (unpublished observations). We now plan to test this immunostimulatory siRNA approach in an in vivo ectopic pregnancy model using JEG-3 cells xenographted in NOD-SCID mice.

scholarly journals Mother-fetus immunogenetic dialogue as a factor of progeny immune system development

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
L. A. Gerlinskaya ◽  
A. V. Varlachev ◽  
G. I. Krotov ◽  
G. V. Kontsevaya ◽  
M. P. Moshkin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
System Development ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Pass Through

Despite the advances in medicine, about 4 million children under the age of 6 months die annually around the world due to infection, which is 450 deaths per hour (UNISEF, 2009). The degree of development of the immune system of children born in time is determined by many factors, including the immunogenetic similarity or difference of mother and fetus organisms, which, in turn, is due to the genotypes of mating pairs, as well as the selection of surrogate mothers duringin vitrofertilization. From our review of the literature, it follows that immunogenetic interactions of mother and fetus organisms, which occur at all stages of pre- and postnatal development, have a signifcant effect on the resistance of offspring to infections and allergens. Before implantation, the mother’s immune responses are formed under the influence of semen fluid antigens, leukocytes and cytokines, as well as under the influence of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex, which are expressed in embryos at the stage of two cells. After implantation, transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins and immunocompetent cells becomes of immunomodulating importance. It is important to emphasize that, although substances with a high molecular weight usually do not pass through the placenta, this rule does not apply to immunoglobulin G (IgG), which, with a molecular weight of about 160 kDa, overcomes the transplacental barrier due to binding to the fetal Fc receptor. The level of IgG in newborns usually correlates with the level of maternal antibodies. During the period of natural feeding, the immune protection of newborns is provided by the mechanisms of innate immunity and the factors of humoral immunity of mothers. It has been shown that immunoglobulins from the milk of many animal species are transferred through the neonatal intestinal epithelium to the blood. Since breast milk contains large amounts of various immunoactive components, including proteins, cytokines, hormones, immunoglobulins, exosomes containing micro-RNA, and viable immune cells, the immunomodulating effects of breast milk persist even after elimination of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood of the offspring, up to maturation. Analysis of a large body of experimental data shows that the study of mechanisms of “motherfetus” and “mother-newborn” interactions are the basis of a knowledge base needed to fnd means of life-long directed modulation of the descendants’ immune status.

scholarly journals What You Need to Know Before Implementing a Clinical Research Data Warehouse: Comparative Review of Integrated Data Repositories in Health Care Institutions

10.2196/17687 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e17687
Author(s):  
Kristina K Gagalova ◽  
M Angelica Leon Elizalde ◽  
Elodie Portales-Casamar ◽  
Matthias Görges
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
High Level

Background Integrated data repositories (IDRs), also referred to as clinical data warehouses, are platforms used for the integration of several data sources through specialized analytical tools that facilitate data processing and analysis. IDRs offer several opportunities for clinical data reuse, and the number of institutions implementing an IDR has grown steadily in the past decade. Objective The architectural choices of major IDRs are highly diverse and determining their differences can be overwhelming. This review aims to explore the underlying models and common features of IDRs, provide a high-level overview for those entering the field, and propose a set of guiding principles for small- to medium-sized health institutions embarking on IDR implementation. Methods We reviewed manuscripts published in peer-reviewed scientific literature between 2008 and 2020, and selected those that specifically describe IDR architectures. Of 255 shortlisted articles, we found 34 articles describing 29 different architectures. The different IDRs were analyzed for common features and classified according to their data processing and integration solution choices. Results Despite common trends in the selection of standard terminologies and data models, the IDRs examined showed heterogeneity in the underlying architecture design. We identified 4 common architecture models that use different approaches for data processing and integration. These different approaches were driven by a variety of features such as data sources, whether the IDR was for a single institution or a collaborative project, the intended primary data user, and purpose (research-only or including clinical or operational decision making). Conclusions IDR implementations are diverse and complex undertakings, which benefit from being preceded by an evaluation of requirements and definition of scope in the early planning stage. Factors such as data source diversity and intended users of the IDR influence data flow and synchronization, both of which are crucial factors in IDR architecture planning.

Ranking and Priority of Creditors

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
High Level

This book addresses one of the critical issues of any insolvency by providing analysis of the law and practice in relation to creditor claims. As with the two previous volumes in the series, the book provides a comparative view by setting out the relevant law and practice in nineteen jurisdictions, drawing out the divergences and common features of domestic insolvency laws from a broad spectrum of countries. Areas covered include submission of claims, verification and admission of claims, ranking of insolvency and administration claims, treatment of non-enforceable claims, and voting and participation rights. Quality, uniformity, and the high level of detail of National Reports are the key benefits of this book.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Facade-Integrated Photovoltaic Powered Cooling System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4374
Author(s):  
Thomas Bröthaler ◽  
Marcus Rennhofer ◽  
Daniel Brandl ◽  
Thomas Mach ◽  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
High Level

Due to recent changing climate conditions and glazing of building facades, a rapid increase in the requirement of cooling systems can be observed. Still the main energy source for cooling are fossil fuels. In this article we report on a fully integrated approach of running a heat pump for actively cooling a test room by electric energy, generated by facade integrated photovoltaic modules, the “COOLSKIN” system. Photovoltaic facades are emission free in the operation phase, efficiently utilize otherwise unused surfaces, and portray a favorable method in terms of construction physics and the architectural design of buildings. Compared to existing systems, COOLSKIN is an entirely autonomous system where every component is located inside the facade structure which introduces a high level of plug and play character. In this article the analysis of the electric performance of the COOLSKIN system with respect to its operation under different environmental conditions is presented. The over all system efficiency was determined with 73.9%, compared to a simulated efficiency (PV*SOL) of 68.8%, and to the theoretically expected value of 85%. The system behavior is evaluated depending on photovoltaic output and the cooling demand. The analysis shows that a considerable amount of cooling demand could be decentrally fulfilled with photovoltaic energy, but environmental conditions as well as system layout have a considerable impact on system performance.

Lysis/rejection of split autoderm grafts – solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
E. V. Zinoviev ◽  
V. V. Soloshenko ◽  
Yu. V. Yurova ◽  
D. V. Kostyakov ◽  
D. O. Vagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Original Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Analysis of available literature and our own experience, the main causes of the lysis / rejection of autoderm grafts are systematized. It is shown that there is no consensus among combustiologists about the causes of these complications. It is believed that the leading cause of such complications is the general condition of the body, the unpreparedness of wounds for surgical treatment and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in seriously ill people. The frequency of unsatisfactory treatment results also correlates with the level of contamination of the burn wound. An increase in microbial seeding to 107 or 108 colony forming units per gram is a relative contraindication to surgery, while the optimal level for skin grafting is considered to be 104 colony forming units per gram. In addition, locally plastic interventions are possible with a microbial load of 105 colony forming units per gram, subject to compensation for violations of the general condition of the victim. Of great importance are the timing of autodermotransplantation. Conducting skin plastics later than 14 days after the injury increases the risk of postoperative complications. This is due to the peculiarities of the pathophysiological processes characteristic of burn wounds. During the first two weeks from the moment of the injury, the processes of reparative regeneration prevail in them, however, their intensity progressively decreases over time. It has been demonstrated that immune system disorders also have a significant effect on the rate of graft lysis. Domestic experts have developed an original method for predicting the likelihood of an unsatisfactory result of skin grafting, based on an assessment of a number of parameters of the immune system. The results of our observations indicate that the main causes of lysis / rejection of autodermotransplantants in the postoperative period are insufficient preparation of wounds for surgical treatment, changes in the general condition of the body, impaired immune system (autoaggression), and a high level of microbial contamination. The development of common criteria for assessing a patients readiness for skin grafting to prevent rejection of transplanted autoderm grafts remains an urgent task of combustiology.

Cigarette-smoking Behavior Correlates with High Anxiety among University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena B. Florendo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
High Level

Cigarette smoking is always harmful since it is one of the primary reasons for human death, however, smoking can be prevented.  In the Philippines, there are dearth of studies conducted that deal with cigarette smoking and anxiety among college students.  The main purpose of the study is to find out the cigarette-smoking behavior among college students and its correlates to anxiety. The researcher used of questionnaires, standardized test and interviews to gather data.  Likewise, descriptive-correlational method, purposive sampling and SPSS were utilized. Out of 1,866 freshman students surveyed in Isabela State University Main Campus, Philippines, 286 were current smokers. Findings revealed that most of the participants are in their adolescence stage,  male dominated, received minimal allowance, have parents with high educational attainment, and their parents’  jobs  require physical labor.  Results showed that peer, familial, mass media, environmental factors respectively except for the teacher factor had considerable impact on the smoking behavior of the participants.  Findings indicated that most of the smokers have a high level of anxiety.  Anxiety is significantly related to the developmental stage when one started smoking and sticks he/she consumed per day.  An intervention program aimed at reducing anxiety and cigarette smoking among students need further research. Keywords - Health Science, smoking and mental health problem, cigarette smoking behavior, anxiety, current smokers, descriptive-correlational design, Isabela, Philippines

scholarly journals Evaluation of Compound Optical Interference in High-Content Screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glorymar Ibáñez ◽  
Paul A. Calder ◽  
Constantin Radu ◽  
Bhavneet Bhinder ◽  
David Shum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Optical Interference ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Automated Microscopy ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Actual Target

Compound optical interference remains an inherent problem in chemical screening and has been well documented for biochemical assays and less so for automated microscopy-based assays. It has also been the assumption that the latter should not suffer from such interference because of the washing steps involved in the process, thus eliminating the residual nonspecific compound effects. Instead, these compounds may have no relevance to the actual target, and as such, compound optical interference contributes to a number of false-positives, resulting in a high attrition rate during subsequent follow-up studies. In this report, we analyze the outcome of a high-content screen using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter in a gain-of-function cell-based assay in search of modulators of the micro RNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathway. Using a previously validated image-based biosensor, we screened a diverse library collection of ~315,000 compounds covering natural and synthetic derivatives in which 1130 positives were identified to enhance green fluorescence expression. Lateral confirmation and dose-response studies revealed that all of these compounds were the result of optical interference and not specific inhibition of miRNA biogenesis. Here, we highlight the chemical classes that are susceptible to compound optical interference and discuss their implications in automated microscopy-based assays.

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