Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Intensity of Free-Radical Processes in the Basal Nuclei of the Brain and Behavior in Rats in the Open Field Test in Conditions of an Altered Photoperiod

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 806-811
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Sopova ◽  
I. I. Zamorskii
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
The Brain

Neurological behaviour of albino rats treated separately and in combination with Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Ashidi ◽  
Irene. E. Emeya ◽  
Folarin O. Owagboriaye ◽  
Roseline T. Feyisola ◽  
Olubukola I. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Cannabis Indica ◽  
The Brain

There has been an increasing rate of cannabis consumption globally, especially among the youths. This study therefore evaluated the neurological behaviours and some brain marker hormones and enzymes of cannabis administered rats. Twenty six albino rats were divided into four groups based on oral cannabis administration (control, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and the combination of the two). At the end of seven days, open field test was conducted on the rats. Also, brain neuro-chemicals, activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results of the Open-Field Test showed an appreciable increase in the level of ambulation (line crossing), grooming, urination and stretched attend posture in the rats administered with Cannabis indica, Cannabis sativa and the combination when compared with the control. Norepinephrine was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rat groups administered with the combination of Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The control group however had the lowest dopamine level. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the rats administered the combination of both Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. The brain level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis indica. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in the rats administered with Cannabis sativa than the other rat groups. Histopathological evaluation of the brain also revealed various damages in the brain cells of rats administered with cannabis compared to the normal brain structure of the control rats. It is thus said that consumption of C. sativa or C. indica alone produced mild effect on the brain cells and physiology in rats. However, combination of C. sativa and C. indica produced a severe synergistic effect on the neurological function of the exposed rat.

scholarly journals Behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs in rats: Are the effects on mood and behavior detectable in open-field test?

Seizure ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zimcikova ◽  
Julius Simko ◽  
Iva Karesova ◽  
Jan Kremlacek ◽  
Jana Malakova
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals The Use of Environmental Enrichments Affects Performance and Behavior of Growing Rabbits Housed in Collective Pens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trocino ◽  
Zomeño ◽  
Filiou ◽  
Birolo ◽  
White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
And Behavior

This study assessed the effects of an elevated plastic-slatted platform and/or a plastic hiding tube in collective pens with large group sizes (27 or 36 rabbits/pen; 16 rabbits/m2) on the performance and welfare of rabbits kept from weaning (at 33 days of age) to slaughter (at 68 or 75 days of age). Growth performance, injuries, and behavior (video recorded for 24 h) of rabbits (n = 504) were recorded. The platform allowed rabbits to adopt the rearing position more frequently (+0.14 events during 2 min every 30 min across 24 h) and to rest with stretched body for longer (+3.8% of observed time) (p ≤ 0.001). Production parameters and reactivity at the open field test were not modified, but the occurrence of injured rabbits at the trial end was higher in pens with platforms (+8.9%; p ≤ 0.01). This result was possibly related to the higher group size in pens with platforms (36 rabbits) compared to those without platforms (27 rabbits). The inclusion of the tube decreased growth (−2.2 g/d; p ≤ 0.05), whereas it was scarcely used by rabbits and it did not substantially change their behavior or the occurrence of injuries. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions of this study, elevated platforms worked as a useful structural enrichment in view of animal behavior but negatively impacted on the rate of injuries, whereas the usefulness of the tube was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Garcinia camobogia extract alters anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male Swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Ibrahim ◽  
Marina Aboelsaad ◽  
Fatma Tony ◽  
Moustafa Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Twenty-one male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Control group was given distilled water (0.5 ml p.o.) and the other two groups received Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses, a low and a higher dose (100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. p.o.) Each animal received a single oral dose daily, which was administered using an oral gavage for fourteen consecutive days. Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± SD) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three-chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain. Article Highlights Chronic used of alcoholic extract of Garcinia campbogia lead to a significant increase in anxiety that was manifested by the reduced time in the center zone and increased immobility in the open field test. Garcinia camobogia chronic administration has a profound impact on sociability and social novelty with a significant decrease in both behavioral patterns compared to the control group. These effects could be attributed to the noticed change in the dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite (HVA) and an upward expression of D2 receptors in return.

Behavioral effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide in vagotomized rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Itoh ◽  
Goro Katsuura
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
The Brain

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) was administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) or subcutaneously (sc) into subdiaphragmatically vagotomized and sham-operated rats, and the behavioral effects were quantified by an open-field test. Intracerebroventricularly injection of CCK-8 decreased locomotion and rearing to the same extent in both vagotomized and sham-operated rats, while sc injection produced behavioral changes only in sham-operated rats but not in vagotomized ones. The results indicate that CCK-8 affects both central and peripheral receptors, and the vagal nerve may be the major pathway causing behavioral effects from the visceral organs to the brain.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury does not disrupt costimulatory blockade-induced immunological tolerance to glial-restricted progenitor allografts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Chengyan Chu ◽  
Zhiliang Wei ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Jiadi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Cell transplantation-based treatments for neurological disease are promising, yet graft rejection remains a major barrier to successful regenerative therapies. Our group and others have shown that long-lasting tolerance of transplanted stem cells can be achieved in the brain with systemic application of monoclonal antibodies blocking co-stimulation signaling. However, it is unknown if subsequent injury and the blood-brain barrier breach could expose the transplanted cells to systemic immune system spurring fulminant rejection and fatal encephalitis. Therefore, we investigated whether delayed traumatic brain injury (TBI) could trigger graft rejection. Methods Glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs) were intracerebroventricularly transplanted in immunocompetent neonatal mice and co-stimulation blockade (CoB) was applied 0, 2, 4, and 6 days post-grafting. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to monitor the grafted cell survival. Mice were subjected to TBI 12 weeks post-transplantation. MRI and open-field test were performed to assess the brain damage and behavioral change, respectively. The animals were decapitated at week 16 post-transplantation, and the brains were harvested. The survival and distribution of grafted cells were verified from brain sections. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) was performed to observe TBI-induced brain legion, and neuroinflammation was evaluated immunohistochemically. Results BLI showed that grafted GRPs were rejected within 4 weeks after transplantation without CoB, while CoB administration resulted in long-term survival of allografts. BLI signal had a steep rise following TBI and subsequently declined but remained higher than the preinjury level. Open-field test showed TBI-induced anxiety for all animals but neither CoB nor GRP transplantation intensified the symptom. HE and MRI demonstrated a reduction in TBI-induced lesion volume in GRP-transplanted mice compared with non-transplanted mice. Brain sections further validated the survival of grafted GRPs and showed more GRPs surrounding the injured tissue. Furthermore, the brains of post-TBI shiverer mice had increased activation of microglia and astrocytes compared to post-TBI wildtype mice, but infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes remained low. Conclusions CoB induces sustained immunological tolerance towards allografted cerebral GRPs which is not disrupted following TBI, and unexpectedly TBI may enhance GRPs engraftment and contribute to post-injury brain tissue repair.

Review of Self-regulation of the Brain and Behavior.

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain
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