scholarly journals Measures of long-term trends in mathematics: linking large-scale assessments over 50 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-103
Author(s):  
Erika Majoros ◽  
Monica Rosén ◽  
Stefan Johansson ◽  
Jan-Eric Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
International Association ◽  
System Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Common Scale ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
International Comparative

AbstractInternational comparative assessments of student achievement are constructed to assess country-level differences and change over time. A coherent understanding of the international trends in educational outcomes is strongly needed as suggested by numerous previous studies. Investigating these trends requires long-term analysis, as substantial changes on the system level are rarely observed regarding student outcomes in short periods (i.e., between adjacent international assessment cycles). The present study aims to link recent and older studies conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) onto a common scale to study long-term trends within and across countries. It explores the comparability of the achievement tests of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and previous IEA studies on mathematics in grade eight. Employing item response theory, we perform a concurrent calibration of item parameters to link the eight studies onto a common scale spanning the period from 1964 to 2015 using data from England, Israel, Japan, and the USA.

CALIBRATED PLASMA PROCEDURE AND INR FOR PT STANDARDIZATION. DATA FROM THE FRENCH ETAL0N0RME QUALITY CONTROL SURVEYS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A GOGUEL ◽  
A HOUBOUYAN ◽  
J ROUSSI
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Common Scale

One of the aim of the survey conducted in last december 1986 was to assess the efficacy of 2 procedures of standardization :1) the INR system, derived from thromboplastin calibration and adopted in 1983 by the WHO.2) the Reference Calibrated Plasmas (RCP) procedure, evaluated on large scale, through French interlaboratory trials (1977-85), exhibiting net improvement of the dispersion of overall data.Labs were asked to perform with their local thromboplastin and method, the PT of a human lyophilized plasma 86 H/I, originated from long term antivitarnines-K (AVK) treated patients. Results were expressed *in time ; *in % activity, according to the traditional procedure based on saline dilutions of normal plasma ; *in INR using the ISI of the local reagent calibrated by the manufacturer. Calibrated plasmas procedure allow the determination of corrected activity ; *in % activity and INR, according to the linear calibration curve obtained from the PT of 2 reference calibrated plasmas with determinated activities in INR and % activity. These RCP were provided with and tested under the same conditions as plasma 86 H/I6 (2 systems of RCP : AVK and artificially depleted).Statistical analysis shows that the "RCP" procedure leads to the best improvement of the interlaboratory variation for the overall data, and the best uniformization of mean results, whatever the way of expression (%, INR), the thromboplastin brand, and the method of PT testing. Results play also in favour of a system of AVK reference plasmas, giving a better grouping than the artificial calibrated plasmas. The INR system nevertheless provides a common scale of data reporting, but might hold profit from an efficient procedure of standardization, such as the calibrated AVK plasmas procedure.Coefficient of variation (CV) expressed in %. Overall data PT of 86 H/I. French Etalonorme Survey.

How international studies contributed to educational theory and methods through measurement of opportunity to learn mathematics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E Suter
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
International Student ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
International Association ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The Relationship

The international comparative studies in 1959 were conducted by International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) researchers who recognized that differences in student achievement measures in mathematics across countries could be caused by differences in curricula. The measurements of opportunity to learn (OTL) grew from a small effort in 1959 to a much larger efforts by 1995 to explain whether countries with high achievement were more likely to teach advanced mathematics. In general, the relationship of coverage of a mathematics topic was weakly related to the level of mathematics performance, but did have some effect on growth. This paper finds that differences in measurement methods of OTL across the studies greatly affected the outcome of the relationship. Recent Program for International Student Achievement (PISA) analyses indicate that the relationship between OTL and student achievement might be described as a curvilinear relationship. Countries with lower achievement are more likely to be affected by curriculum coverage than are high-performing countries.

Large-scale, long-term trends in British river macroinvertebrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2184-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian P. Vaughan ◽  
Steve J. Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Long Term Trends

scholarly journals Reply to “Comment on ‘Bias Correction, Quantile Mapping, and Downscaling: Revisiting the Inflation Issue’”

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1821-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Maraun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quantile Mapping ◽  
Spatiotemporal Structure ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Climate Signals ◽  
Local Variability

Abstract In his comment, G. Bürger criticizes the conclusion that inflation of trends by quantile mapping is an adverse effect. He assumes that the argument would be “based on the belief that long-term trends and along with them future climate signals are to be large scale.” His line of argument reverts to the so-called inflated regression. Here it is shown, by referring to previous critiques of inflation and standard literature in statistical modeling as well as weather forecasting, that inflation is built upon a wrong understanding of explained versus unexplained variability and prediction versus simulation. It is argued that a sound regression-based downscaling can in principle introduce systematic local variability in long-term trends, but inflation systematically deteriorates the representation of trends. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that inflation by construction deteriorates weather forecasts and is not able to correctly simulate small-scale spatiotemporal structure.

scholarly journals TIMSS 2019 Australia. Volume I: Student performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Thomson ◽  
Nicole Wernert ◽  
Sima Rodrigues ◽  
Elizabeth O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
International Association ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Australian Council ◽  
Ministerial Council ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Mathematics And Science

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study of student achievement directed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS was first conducted in 1995 and the assessment conducted in 2019 formed the seventh cycle, providing 24 years of trends in mathematics and science achievement at Year 4 and Year 8. In Australia, TIMSS is managed by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) and is jointly funded by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments. The goal of TIMSS is to provide comparative information about educational achievement across countries in order to improve teaching and learning in mathematics and science. TIMSS is based on a research model that uses the curriculum, within context, as its foundation. TIMSS is designed, broadly, to align with the mathematics and science curricula used in the participating education systems and countries, and focuses on assessment at Year 4 and Year 8. TIMSS also provides important data about students’ contexts for learning mathematics and science based on questionnaires completed by students and their parents, teachers and school principals. This report presents the results for Australia as a whole, for the Australian states and territories and for the other participants in TIMSS 2019, so that Australia’s results can be viewed in an international context, and student performance can be monitored over time. The results from TIMSS, as one of the assessments in the National Assessment Program, allow for nationally comparable reports of student outcomes against the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. (Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, 2008).

Country-level correlates of educational achievement: evidence from large-scale surveys

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia He ◽  
Fons J. R. Van de Vijver ◽  
Alena Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Country Level

scholarly journals Central-Eastern China Persistent Heat Waves: Evaluation of the AMIP Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 3609-3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Freychet ◽  
S. F. B. Tett ◽  
G. C. Hegerl ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Seasonal Signal

Abstract Large-scale and persistent heat waves affecting central-eastern China are investigated in 40 different simulations of sea surface temperature driven global atmospheric models. The different models are compared with results from reanalysis and ground station datasets. It is found that the dynamics of heat-wave events is well reproduced by the models. However, they tend to produce too-persistent heat-wave events (lasting more than 20 days), and several hypotheses were tested to explain this bias. The daily variability of the temperatures or the seasonal signal did not explain the persistence. However, interannual variability of the temperatures in the models, and especially the sharp transition in the mid-1990s, has a large impact on the duration of heat waves. A filtering method was applied to select the models closest to the observations in terms of events persistence. The selected models do not show a significant difference from the other models for the long-term trends. Thus, the bias on the duration of the events does not impact the reliability of the model positive trends, which is mainly controlled by the changes in mean temperatures.

scholarly journals Landfalling Tropical Cyclones along the Eastern Pacific Coast between the Sixteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 4219-4230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marni Pazos ◽  
Blanca Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Landfalling Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Numerous studies have been conducted to document long-term trends in tropical cyclone (TC) activity. However, the eastern Pacific has not received as much attention as other basins. Here the authors attempt the identification of TC formation in the Mexican eastern Pacific Ocean before 1950. Using bibliographical and historical file consultation, they constructed a catalog of events related to intense storms and possible TCs that made landfall on the Mexican Pacific coasts. Between 1536 and 1948 they found a total of 119 events related to TCs. Then, using the Saffir–Simpson scale and the climatology of the region as the criteria to evaluate each event, they found 85 TCs. Furthermore, they constructed a historical time series of TCs between 1701 and 2010. The spectral analysis showed periodicities of ~2.6, 4, 5, 12, 16, 39, and 105 years that coincide with some large-scale climatic phenomena and also with solar activity. In particular, the ~12-yr cycle is the most persistent periodicity in this study.

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