Residential Mobility Decreases the Perception of Social Norm Violations

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-986
Author(s):  
Siyang Luo ◽  
Qianting Kong ◽  
Zijun Ke ◽  
Liqin Huang ◽  
Meihua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Norm Violations

scholarly journals Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2722-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Winter ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
German Population ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement

Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority “native” German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares.

Humanizing Hatred

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Manne
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Unexpected Behavior ◽  
Full Humanity

This chapter explores and contests a popular rival approach to “man’s inhumanity to man”—or, in this case, women—as applied to misogyny. On this view, dubbed “humanism,” misogyny would have its source in a failure to recognize women’s full humanity. But that misogyny takes women to be human, all-too-human, is suggested by some of the ways they are resented, blamed, and punished for social norm violations. Dehumanizing attitudes and treatment are explained (away) in terms of insults, defusing the psychic threat posed by certain women, and taking revenge on those who, in failing to provide dominant men with feminine-coded care, make him feel like less of a person. Finally, women’s socially unexpected behavior may lead to disgusted, startled responses, and ascribing to her an “uncanny,” robotic quality. But this, too, involves recognizing her successful participation in characteristically human activities, albeit in ways that effect gendered role reversals.

scholarly journals Residential Mobility Decreases Neural Responses to Social Norm Violation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyang Luo ◽  
Qianting Kong ◽  
Zijun Ke ◽  
Yiyi Zhu ◽  
Liqin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Norm Violation

scholarly journals When norm violations are spontaneously detected: an electrocortical investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E Salvador ◽  
Yan Mu ◽  
Michele J Gelfand ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Violation ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relational Priming

Abstract One fundamental function of social norms is to promote social coordination. Moreover, greater social coordination may be called for when tight norms govern social relations with others. Hence, the sensitivity to social norm violations may be jointly modulated by relational goals and a belief that the social context is tight (vs loose). We tested this analysis using an electrocortical marker of norm-violation detection (N400). Ninety-one young American adults were subliminally primed with either relational or neutral goals. Then they saw behaviors that were either norm-violating or normal. In the relational priming condition, the norm-violation N400 increased as a function of the perceived tightness of societal norms. In the control priming condition, however, the norm-violation N400 was weak regardless of perceived tightness. Thus, normative tightness was associated with increased neural processing of norm violations only when relational goals were activated. Implications for norm psychology are discussed.

scholarly journals How culture gets embrained: Cultural differences in event-related potentials of social norm violations

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (50) ◽  
pp. 15348-15353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Mu ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama ◽  
Shihui Han ◽  
Michele J. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Violation ◽  
Violation Detection ◽  
Related Potentials

Humans are unique among all species in their ability to develop and enforce social norms, but there is wide variation in the strength of social norms across human societies. Despite this fundamental aspect of human nature, there has been surprisingly little research on how social norm violations are detected at the neurobiological level. Building on the emerging field of cultural neuroscience, we combine noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) with a new social norm violation paradigm to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the detection of norm violations and how they vary across cultures. EEG recordings from Chinese and US participants (n = 50) showed consistent negative deflection of event-related potential around 400 ms (N400) over the central and parietal regions that served as a culture-general neural marker of detecting norm violations. The N400 at the frontal and temporal regions, however, was only observed among Chinese but not US participants, illustrating culture-specific neural substrates of the detection of norm violations. Further, the frontal N400 predicted a variety of behavioral and attitudinal measurements related to the strength of social norms that have been found at the national and state levels, including higher culture superiority and self-control but lower creativity. There were no cultural differences in the N400 induced by semantic violation, suggesting a unique cultural influence on social norm violation detection. In all, these findings provided the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the neurobiological foundations of social norm violation detection and its variation across cultures.

scholarly journals Distinct Neural Responses to Social and Semantic Violations: An N400 Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Weimer ◽  
Sheri Clark ◽  
Antonio L. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Semantic Dimension ◽  
Basic Standards ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

We investigated event-related brain potential correlates of encountering context-incongruent social information. Building on evidence that information semantically incongruent with its context elicits an N400 response (a prominent negative-going deflection in the ongoing electroencephalogram; EEG), we hypothesized that statements incongruent (relative to congruent) with basic standards of amicable treatment by others (e.g., “Your friend breaks your computer and then laughs [apologizes]”) would elicit larger-amplitude N400 responses. EEG was recorded from N=20 undergraduates while they viewed 106 semantic-dimension and 106 social-dimension sentences. We obtained the classic N400 effect to semantic violations, but we did not observe greater N400 amplitudes to incongruent than to congruent social-dimension sentences. Our findings of N400 modulation by semantic violations but not social norm violations help clarify potential boundary conditions for eliciting the N400

scholarly journals Not intended, still embarrassed: Social anxiety is related to increased levels of embarrassment in response to unintentional social norm violations

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam ◽  
Henk van Steenbergen ◽  
Nic J.A. van der Wee ◽  
P. Michiel Westenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
General Population ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractBackground:Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with altered social norm (SN) processing: SAD-patients rate stories on SN violations as more inappropriate and more embarrassing than healthy participants, with the most prominent effect for stories on unintentional SN violations (i.e. committing a blunder). Until now it’s unknown how levels of social anxiety (SA) are related to ratings of SN violations in the general population, in which SA-symptoms are present at a continuum. More insight in this relationship could improve our understanding of the symptom profile of SAD. Therefore, we investigated the relation between ratings of SN violations and SA-levels in the general population.Methods:Adults and adolescents (n = 87) performed the revised Social Norm Processing Task (SNPT-R) and completed self-report questionnaires on social anxiety. Repeated-measures ANCOVAs were used to investigate the effect of SA on the ratings of inappropriateness and embarrassment.Results:As hypothesized, participants with higher SA-levels rated SN violations as more inappropriate and more embarrassing. Whereas participants with low-to-intermediate SA-levels rated unintentional SN violations as less embarrassing than intentional SN violations, participants with high SA-levels (z-score SA ≥ 1.6) rated unintentional SN violations as equally embarrassing as intentional SN violations.Conclusion:These findings indicate that increased embarrassment for unintentional SN violations is an important characteristic of social anxiety. These high levels of embarrassment are likely related to the debilitating concern of socially-anxious people that their skills and behavior do not meet expectations of others, and to their fear of blundering. This concern might be an important target for future therapeutic interventions.

Social norm compliance as a signaling system. I. Studies of fitness-related attributions consequent on everyday norm violations

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Wenegrat ◽  
Lisa Abrams ◽  
Eleanor Castillo-Yee ◽  
I.Jo Romine
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Compliance
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