scholarly journals Interpretations of Spinoza in early Russian Marxism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Steila
Keyword(s):  
Critical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Language

AbstractThe roots of the controversial readings of Spinoza during Soviet times date back to the history of Russian Marxism. Spinoza was a most influential figure whom different Marxist currents and thinkers wanted to have on their side. This article examines the most relevant interpretations. First, it sketches some fundamental traits of Plekhanov’s understanding of Spinoza’s ontology and epistemology, from his critique of German revisionism at the end of the 1890s to his polemics against empiriocriticism and its Russian impact. Spinoza was a particularly relevant and authoritative thinker for the so-called “Machists” as well, and some of their different interpretations are analyzed as representing their critical approach to Marxism. Finally, Lunacharskiiʼs discussion is considered as a peculiar alternative to Plekhanov’s orthodox understanding not only of Spinoza but of Marxism itself. While Plekhanov judged Spinoza’s “theological” language a relic of his epoch, Lunacharskii maintained that it was precisely his “religious” feelings that made Spinoza a forerunner of Marxism.

Literary Sources of the Gospel and Letters of John

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Labahn
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Final Text ◽  
Written Sources

This chapter investigates the suspicion among New Testament scholars that the author (or the authors) of the Gospel (and Epistles) of John used already written sources which he himself (or they themselves) did not write. Various models of Johannine source criticism are sketched on the basis of selected examples. The chapter delineates the weaknesses and strengths of the source-critical approach on its own terms and to draw conclusions from them for future work. The critical evaluation shows above all that the issue of the literary and non-literary (oral) pre-history of the Johannine writings (‘diachronic’ investigation of the texts) remains an important consideration in Johannes research. Nevertheless, this approach has in the future to take into account more prominently than before the final text and its design (‘synchronic’ investigation of the texts).

scholarly journals Feminist Hermeneutics in Islam: its History and Major Ideas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-526
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Approach ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Feminist Hermeneutics

The article deals with the history of development and basic ideas of Islamic feminist hermeneutics. In order to understand tendencies of development of the modern Islamic thought, it is important as well to study feminist ideas in their complexity. The author argues that feminist hermeneutics in Islam represents a set of approaches towards the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, the Hadith and secondary sources of Islamic spiritual tradition. In the typological perspective, it is close to the so-called “Standpoint feminism”. The author singles out seven basic features to Islamic feminist hermeneutics, which are the religious frame of mind, following the principles of Islamic ethics, the use of so-called “contextual ijtihad”, accepting the egalitarist values, the critical approach to tradition, the critical approach towards the Hadith, use of the new methodology, which has its roots in the heritage of Neomodernist school of thought.

scholarly journals O Princípio Pluralista: Problematização e Provocações | The Pluralistic Principle: problematization and provocations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Martin Santos Barcala
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Language

O presente artigo procura enfatizar especificamente as possibilidades do “Princípio Pluralista” ser aplicado para além das tarefas de revisão da Teologia da Libertação, de resto absolutamente justificáveis, e contribuir para articulação de uma linguagem teológica criativa. A hipótese que orientou a pesquisa foi a suspeita de que o “Princípio Pluralista” pode realizar mais do que uma revisão na tradição teológica mencionada, sendo também útil na articulação de uma linguagem teológica criativa, desde que elabore novas conjugalidades teóricas, despedindo-se respeitosamente dos referenciais constantes de sua formulação. Optou-se aqui, como sugestão de horizontes de pesquisa, pela aproximação crítica entre o “Princípio Pluralista” e dois referenciais da filosofia da diferença (Deleuze e Heidegger), dois teóricos da história da ciência (Kuhn e Serres) e um antropólogo (Le Breton).Abstract This article seeks to emphasize the possibilities of the “Pluralist Principle” to be applied beyond the tasks of revising Liberation Theology – which are absolutely justified – and contribute to the articulation of a creative theological language. The hypothesis that guided the research was the suspicion that the “Pluralist Principle” can perform more than a review in the mentioned theological tradition, being also useful in the articulation of a creative theological language, as long as it elaborates new theoretical conjugalities, abandoning the theoretical references that have guided its formulation. We chose here, as a suggestion of research horizons, to approximate critically the “Pluralist Principle” and two references of the philosophy of difference (Deleuze and Heidegger), two theorists on the history of science (Kuhn and Serres) and an anthropologist (Le Breton).

scholarly journals The notion of limit in architectural theory. Two case studies in Portugal

ZARCH ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes Dias ◽  
Rui Jorge Garcia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Founding Principle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transition Space ◽  
The City

Modern Portuguese architecture has been seen as the result of an eminently empirical and intuitive practice, dissociated from any effort of theoretical structuring. This paper intends to contradict that predominant view, presenting the notion of spatial limit as a subject that earned particular consideration from a younger, more critical and intellectually demanding generation of architects. Firstly, it introduces two notions directly related to limit - ‘extensions of the dwelling’ and ‘transition-space’ - presented in theses by Nuno Portas (b. 1934) and Pedro Vieira de Almeida (1933-2011) respectively, two highly innovative works in the academic panorama of early 1960s. Next, it focuses on the fundamental role each of the notions taken in investigative works that are parallel in time but substantially different. The first, Habitação evolutiva, is a typological study reflecting the spirit of its time by claiming the ‘right to the city’ as the founding principle of a model critical of CIAM urbanism. The second is an essay stemming from a critical reflexion on the work of an eclectic architect that eludes categorization (Raul Lino, 1879-1974) which sheds light on the need for a critical approach to the history of modern architecture.

The Dissemination of Scottish Theology: T&T Clark

2021 ◽  
pp. 001452462110433
Author(s):  
John Riches
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Bible ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Study ◽  
The One

This chapter outlines the history of the Scottish family firm of publishers T&T Clark, which for nearly 200 years made a significant contribution to the development of an historical and critical approach to theological study. This was chiefly effected through a series of publications of mostly German-speaking works of theology and biblical studies. It is suggested that these were principally of a mediating kind, seeking to achieve a complementarity between forms of confessional Protestant belief and theology on the one hand and historical and philosophical studies on the other. This reached a climax in the early twentieth century with the publication of major works by Ritschl and Schleiermacher. Thereafter the firm’s publishing programme became more influenced by confessional forms of theology, particularly through its translation of Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics. Its legacy, however, remains not only in the form of Barth but of Schleiermacher and historical critical studies of the Bible.

scholarly journals Una rassegna bibliografica sui traduttori romeni dell’Inferno (1883-2015): considerazioni di tipo metodologico e deontologico

Translationes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Iulia Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Translation ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
History Of Literature

Abstract This paper is intended as part of a larger research that aims to the realization of a monographic study dedicated to the Romanian translations of Dante's Inferno, from 19th to 21th century. It is a historical and critical approach, intended as an interdisciplinary study, to be placed at the crossing of disciplines like translation history, translation criticism, reception theory, history of literature, history of literary language, cultural history. The bibliographical selection we propose is complete with some methodological and deontological considerations of utility in the study of the history of translation.

scholarly journals MEMOIRS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Arslonzoda Rakhmatjon Arslonboyevich,
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

The colonial period in the history of Central Asia is reflected in many written sources, including memoirs. Memoir works are diverse in their genre and content. These are travel records of Russian and foreign ambassadors and travelers who visited Central Asia, and memoirs by local authors. The article examines the memoir works of Central Asian authors of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. They are divided into groups such as autobiographies, travel records, memoirs, and oral history. On the example of specific works of specific authors, the significance of each of the above groups of memoir literature is analyzed, their significant sides and their inherent shortcomings are revealed. It is concluded that methods such as critical approach and comparative analysis allow researchers to effectively use the memoirs of local authors to study the history of the colonial period. KEYWORDS: Memoirs, autobiographies, travel records, recollections, oral history, critical approach, comparative analysis, reliability.

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