The Dissemination of Scottish Theology: T&T Clark

This chapter outlines the history of the Scottish family firm of publishers T&T Clark, which for nearly 200 years made a significant contribution to the development of an historical and critical approach to theological study. This was chiefly effected through a series of publications of mostly German-speaking works of theology and biblical studies. It is suggested that these were principally of a mediating kind, seeking to achieve a complementarity between forms of confessional Protestant belief and theology on the one hand and historical and philosophical studies on the other. This reached a climax in the early twentieth century with the publication of major works by Ritschl and Schleiermacher. Thereafter the firm’s publishing programme became more influenced by confessional forms of theology, particularly through its translation of Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics. Its legacy, however, remains not only in the form of Barth but of Schleiermacher and historical critical studies of the Bible.

Second Tithe and Wine: A Historical and Theological Study of Deuteronomy 14:22-29

Tithing is God's holy, in recognition that God is the owner and man is the servant. But in Deuteronomy 14:22-29 the fact is found that God's holy tithing can be used to buy everything he wants including intoxicating drinks, and even God ordered that the Israelites eat them together with the priests before God. The purpose of the study was to examine the history of the second tithing and its use in Deuteronomy 14:22-29 to find out the true purpose of God's commandments about spending tithing for whatever is desired, spending tithing on intoxicating beverages, and whether this is the legitimacy of God so that His people can currently consume liquor. Research methods are documentary research methods. This is done by evaluating various historical literature in the discussion of tithing festivals and their use. This researcher will conclude research to answer these questions. First of all, in the Bible there are three types of tithing.

Falsafah Fagogoru:Konstruksi Teologi Perdamaian- Kontekstual di Halmahera Tengah

This paper will examine the Fagogoru philosophy as a contextual theological study of peace in Lelilef Sawai village and Lelilef Woebulen village, Weda Tengah District, Central Halmahera Regency. Central Halmahera Regency is located on the island of Halmahera which is the largest island in North Maluku. In order to be able to deepen the study further, there are three key questions in this study, namely: (1) How did Fagogoru's philosophy shape the life practices of the people of Lelilef Sawai village and Lelilef Woebulen village based on the Fagogoru philosophy? (2) What are the life values contained in Fagogoru's philosophy? (3) How to reconstruct contextual theology from Fagogoru's philosophy as an effort to build inter-religious harmony in Weda District, Central Halmahera?. It is hoped that this research can contribute ideas for developing peace studies, as well as developing studies on the relationship between religion and culture. In addition, it can also be a model for the community and the church in an effort to build and maintain harmony in the midst of the plurality of the people of Halmahera, North Maluku by making local culture the basis for peace.

Suatu Tinjauan Terhadap Kejatuhan Manusia Ke Dalam Dosa Berdasarkan Kejadian Pasal 3

This theological study is intended to explore the cause of the fall of man into sin, so that the human being as God's great and great creation of God must finally come out and be expelled from the Garden of Eden. The expulsion of man from the Garden of Eden, not only the beginning of human struggle to challenge the future of the uncertain, but more than that man suffered many sufferings and hardships during his life until death finally picked him up. In fact, the original human created by God is to be a partner of God God to carry out stewardship of all creation of God. Man's ability as a trustworthy creature has been witnessed by the LORD God himself, that is, when man is able to name every animal in the Garden of Eden; and more than that the LORD God also gave women to the man, as a helper who is worthy of him. But all the good that God has done for man is finally destroyed. Why? Why does this happen? Is there God's forgiveness and restoration to restore the broken relationship?

MAKNA DAN KETERLIBATAN ORANG KRISTEN DALAM RITUAL PUNDUK SAHUR PADA MASA COVID-19 DI DESA TUMBANG TAMBIRAH, KALIMANTAN TENGAH: KAJIAN SOSIO-TEOLOGIS

The Punduk Sahur ritual is one of the religious rituals of the Kaharingan tribe which aims to gain welfare and protection from the Dayak ancestors, which is believed to be able to keep the Dayak community away from dangers such as disease outbreaks. Surprisingly, in Tumbang Tambirah Village, Christians are also involved in carrying out the Punduk Sahur ritual and believe that through this ritual they can avoid the Covid-19 outbreak. The approach used in this research is qualitative method and descriptive type. Data collection techniques that will be used, namely the technique of observation, interviews, and literature study. This study applies a socio-theological study that aims to find out and describe how the process of organizing the Punduk Sahur ritual in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak for the people of Tumbang Tambirah Village, and what factors are the involvement of Christians in the Punduk Sahur ritual in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak in Tumbang Village. Tambirah, Central Kalimantan. This study found a finding that it can be concluded that Christians in Tumbang Tambirah Village take a dualistic attitude in the relationship between Christ and Culture

THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE HOLY COMMUNION PRACTICES IN THE CHURCH ERA

The author conducts research on the theological study of the practice of the communion of the church in today's era so that it can find the implications of the meaning in holy communion. The research used is a literature analysis approach that uses various relevant literature sources. The study of Holy Communion reminds us of the importance of fellowship with fellow members of the body of Christ. The Sacrament of Holy Communion has been a part of the life of the Church since the time of the Lord Jesus until now. Until now, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper is still an interesting subject. In this discussion, Paul's teachings on the Sacrament of Holy Communion will be described to contribute to the administration of the sacrament. Holy Communion in the Lord's Churches today. Then followed by a reflection for the practice of Holy Communion today: What is the significance of the theological dimension in the practice of Holy Communion today? The hadil of this paper will be produced with practical tips for incorporating and presenting the theological dimension in the practice of the Lord's Supper today.

Kedaulatan Allah dan Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Tinjauan Biblis-Teologis

Abstrac: This literature research traces the biblical-theological study of God's sovereignty related to the Pandemic. The problem of pandemic itself, in tracing the Bible, is more associated with infectious diseases especially pestilence, in which infectious diseases are given by God as a punishment for human sin, as a warning of a greater danger and also as God's way to save His chosen people. Keywords: Pandemic, God’s Sovereignity, Infectious Diseases, pestilence Abstrak: Penelitian kepustakaan ini menelusuri tentang kajian biblis-teologis tentang kedaulatan Allah berkaitan dengan Pandemic (penyakit menular). Persoalan pandemic sendiri, dalam penelusuran terhadap Alkitab lebih banyak dikaitkan dengan penyakit menular terutama penyakit sampar, di mana penyakit menular itu, diberikan oleh Allah sebagai penghukuman atas dosa manusia, sebagai peringatan akan bahaya yang lebih besar dan juga sebagai cara Allah untuk menyelamatkan umat pilihan-Nya.

Secular Scholarship in France

Between the French and German worlds of knowledge, a complex movement of cultural and intellectual transfers retained capital importance, from Voltaire’s days at the court of Friedrich II in Potsdam to Heine’s Parisian years, and beyond. On the French side, such contacts in the study of religions can often be traced to the activity of Protestant and Jewish scholars. The French-speaking Protestant theologians, including those in Geneva and in the Huguenot “Refuge” in Holland, sought to emulate liberal Lutheran theologians in the leading German universities, developing daring new approaches to Scriptural interpretation, while many Jewish scholars moved from Germany to France in search of academic posts. This forms the background to the unique development in France of a non-theological study of religion, by Protestant and Jewish scholars together with their Catholic colleagues, in new, secular institutions.