Nuclear DNA content of Hydrastis canadensis L. and genome size stability of in vitro regenerated plantlets

AbstractSinceM. sinensisAnderss.,M. sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Hack. andM. ×giganteusJ.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production amongMiscanthusAnderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteenMiscanthusaccessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of theM. sinensiscultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of threeMiscanthusspecies was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57)M. sinensis‘Goliath’ andM. ×giganteusclones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sinensisaccessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sacchariflorusecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed inM. sinensiscultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploidM. ×giganteus‘Great Britain’ (mean 30.70 μm) or ‘Canada’ (mean 29.67 μm) and diploidM. sinensis‘Graziella’ (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.

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C-banding and DNA content in seven species of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-519 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 834-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

C. Juan ◽

E. Petitpierre

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

C Banding ◽

Metaphase I

The relative amount of C-banded heterochromatin varies strikingly in seven species of tenebrionid beetles, from 25 to 58%, but most species show procentric bands only. Nevertheless, Gonocephalum patruele exhibits an almost completely heterochromatic X chromosome. The nuclear DNA content of Feulgen-stained spermatids has yielded up to a threefold difference, from 0.27 to 0.86 pg, which is not completely in accordance with the amount of C-banded heterochromatin. However, the genome sizes correlate significantly with the total chromosome areas at metaphase I and with the spermatid areas. Furthermore, the genome sizes agree with the subfamilial taxonomic groupings of these tenebrionids.Key words: Tenebrionidae, genome size, C-banding.

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DNA–Feulgen cytophotometric determination of genome size for the freshwater-invading copepod Eurytemora affinis

Genome ◽

10.1139/g04-014 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 559-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ellen M Rasch ◽

Carol Eunmi Lee ◽

Grace A Wyngaard

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Genome Size ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Growth Characteristic ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Cell Nuclei ◽

Chromatin Diminution ◽

Eurytemora Affinis ◽

Genomic Studies

Variation in nuclear DNA content within some eukaryotic species is well documented, but causes and consequences of such variation remain unclear. Here we report genome size of an estuarine and salt-marsh calanoid copepod, Eurytemora affinis, which has recently invaded inland freshwater habitats independently and repeatedly in North America, Europe, and Asia. Adults and embryos of E. affinis from the St. Lawrence River drainage were examined for somatic cell DNA content and the presence or absence of embryonic chromatin diminution, using Feulgen–DNA cytophotometry to determine a diploid or 2C genome size of 0.6–0.7 pg DNA/cell. The majority of somatic cell nuclei, however, have twice this DNA content (1.3 pg/nucleus) in all of the adults examined and possibly represent a population of cells arrested at the G2 stage of the cell cycle or associated with some degree of endopolyploidy. Both suggestions contradict assumptions that DNA replication does not occur in adult tissues during the determinate growth characteristic of copepods. Absence of germ cell nuclei with markedly elevated DNA values, commonly found for species of cyclopoid copepods that show chromatin diminution, indicates that E. affinis lacks this trait. The small genome size and presumed absence of chromatin diminution increase the potential utility of E. affinis as a model for genomic studies on mechanisms of adaptation during freshwater invasions.Key words: copepod, genome size, DNA–Feulgen, calanoid, Eurytemora.

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Nuclear DNA content and genome size of American ginseng

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research ◽

10.5897/jmpr11.221 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (32) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Samuel G. Obae

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

American Ginseng

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Assessment of the cellular DNA content of whole mounted mouse and human oocytes and of blastomeres containing single or multiple nuclei

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199400001258 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicola J. Winston ◽

Martin H. Johnson ◽

Peter R. Braude

Keyword(s):

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Structural Features ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

Individual Values ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mouse Oocytes ◽

Cellular Dna

SummaryThe nuclear DNA content of intact, live or fixed, human and mouse oocytes and blastomeres has been measured rapidly and reliably. Chromosomal DNA has been stained with DAPI, the fluorescent emission from which has been measured photocytometrically.In vitrofertilised mouse oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were assessed for their DNA content. The mean values of 1C, 2C and 4C DNA content were clearly different, and it was possible to assign correctly individual values for DNA content to each class with 92%, 61% and 81% confidence respectively. Maintaining the cells as whole mounts allowed other morphological and structural features to be examined. When formation of multiple micronuclei was induced in mouse oocytes by their insemination in the presence of nocodazole, the additive signal from all the micronuclei in one zygote was equivalent to the expected DNA content. Application to early human blastomeres of this photocytometric technique for measurement of the total cellular DNA content revealed that multinucleated blastomeres contained 2C to 4C DNA levels, consistent with a diploid DNA content.

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Nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) estimated by flow cytometry

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2005361 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 309-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J.K. Brown ◽

G.M. Lambert ◽

M. Ghanim ◽

H. Czosnek ◽

D.W. Galbraith

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Genome Size ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Dna Content ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Chromosome Counting ◽

Male And Female ◽

Haploid Genome Size

AbstractThe nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennnadius) was estimated using flow cytometry. Male and female nuclei were stained with propidium iodide and their DNA content was estimated using chicken red blood cells and Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Brassicaceae) as external standards. The estimated nuclear DNA content of male and female B. tabaci was 1.04 and 2.06 pg, respectively. These results corroborated previous reports based on chromosome counting, which showed that B. tabaci males are haploid and females are diploid. Conversion between DNA content and genome size (1 pg DNA = 980 Mbp) indicate that the haploid genome size of B. tabaci is 1020 Mbp, which is approximately five times the size of the genome of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. These results provide an important baseline that will facilitate genomics-based research for the B. tabaci complex.

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Genome Sizes in Hepatica Mill: (Ranunculaceae) Show a Loss of DNA, Not a Gain, in Polyploids

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2010/758260 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. J. M. Zonneveld

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Genome Size ◽

Dna Content ◽

Close Relationships ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Dna Contents ◽

Asiatic Species ◽

Nuclear Dna Contents ◽

Allotetraploid Species

Genome size (C-value) was applied anew to investigate the relationships within the genus Hepatica (Ranunculaceae). More than 50 samples representing all species (except H. falconeri), from wild and cultivated material, were investigated. Species of Hepatica turn out to be diploid (), tetraploid ( ), and a possible pentaploid. The somatic nuclear DNA contents (2C-value), as measured by flow cytometry with propidium iodide, were shown to range from 33 to 80 pg. The Asiatic and American species, often considered subspecies of H. nobilis, could be clearly distinguished from European H. nobilis. DNA content confirmed the close relationships in the Asiatic species, and these are here considered as subspecies of H. asiatica. Parents for the allotetraploid species could be suggested based on their nuclear DNA content. Contrary to the increase in genome size suggested earlier for Hepatica, a significant (6%–14%) loss of nuclear DNA in the natural allopolyploids was found.

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New Record Holders for Maximum Genome Size in Eudicots and Monocots

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2010/527357 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

B. J. M. Zonneveld

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Dna Content ◽

New Record ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Viscum Album

This paper presents the largest genome sizes reported so far for angiosperms: for the monocots Trillium hagae (Melanthiaceae) pg and for the eudicots Viscum album (Santalaceae) with pg. They were found during ongoing measurements of nuclear DNA content in more than 4000 accessions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that both of the values for the largest genome size so far for the monocots of Fritillaria assyriaca and for the eudicots of Viscum cruciatum need to be corrected.

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Evolution of Genome Size in Duckweeds (Lemnaceae)

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2011/570319 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Wenqin Wang ◽

Randall A. Kerstetter ◽

Todd P. Michael

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Genome Size ◽

Propidium Iodide ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽

Wolffia Arrhiza ◽

Basic Reference

To extensively estimate the DNA content and to provide a basic reference for duckweed genome sequence research, the nuclear DNA content for 115 different accessions of 23 duckweed species was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) stained with propidium iodide as DNA stain. The 1C-value of DNA content in duckweed family varied nearly thirteen-fold, ranging from 150 megabases (Mbp) in Spirodela polyrhiza to 1,881 Mbp in Wolffia arrhiza. There is a continuous increase of DNA content in Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella, and Wolffia that parallels a morphological reduction in size. There is a significant intraspecific variation in the genus Lemna. However, no such variation was found in other studied species with multiple accessions of genera Spirodela, Landoltia, Wolffiella, and Wolffia.

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