Review of present knowledge on machine milking and intensive milk production in dromedary camels and future challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nagy ◽  
Judit Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Future Challenges

Physiology of lactation and machine milking in dromedary she-camel

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kaskous
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Milking Machine

Dromedary camels have the capability and the genetic potential to achieve high levels of milk production. However, systematic breeding programs to increase milk production are not common in this species. Dromedary camels are not well adapted to machine milking. Milk removal obviously requires in most farms a pre-stimulation through calf suckling before the milking machine can completely harvest the stored milk. In camels, most of the milk is stored in the alveolar compartment (>90-95%) of the udder. Therefore, almost no milk can be obtained in the absence of milk ejection. In addition, the morphological, anatomical and physiological properties of the camel udder are complex and not fully understood. Because of all biological and economical limitations related to machine milking dromedary camels are mostly hand-milked. The introduction of machine milking makes only slow progress and is limited to intensive dairy camel farms in a few countries. Machine milking of dromedary camels showed so far acceptable results. However, some studies clearly showed that udder emptying by machine milking with the available equipment is not satisfactory. The amount of residual milk after machine milking is high and was up to 30 % or even more of the stored milk in some studies. This means that the used machine needs to be improved to fit the camel's udder. Nevertheless, some studies clearly showed that a major proportion of dromedary camels have a suitable machine milking ability.

Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marwa Brahmi ◽  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Ihmen Hammadi ◽  
Jacques Portanguen ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Physiological Consequence ◽  
Peak Release ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Concentration Patterns

Abstract This research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM OF THE MILK PRODUCTION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
V.T. Dmytriv ◽  
I.V. Dmytriv ◽  
I.M. Horodetskyy ◽  
P.P. Yatsunskyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
General View ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Functional Content

The basic principles of adaptation of machine milking technical system to the physiology of milk ejection of cows are considered. Main adaptation parameters and conditions of the technical system are grounded, under these parameters and conditions the self-tuning of technical system is possible. The structure of modules of adaptive cyber-physical control system of machine milking is developed, its functionalities are revealed, the method of coordination between discreteness of measurement of information and the quantization period is developed to ensure maximum reliability of the information. The memory size of the operational information about the process parameters is justified, as well as their structure and functional content. Functional content and structure of information about the technological process of the database is formulated. The general view of the main elements of the adaptive cyber-physical system of cows milking is given, as well as the results of work of the experimental adaptive cyber-physical system of the milk production.

Remote sensing of cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters: present knowledge and future challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (20) ◽  
pp. 1540-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Shi ◽  
Yunlin Zhang ◽  
Boqiang Qin ◽  
Botian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Future Challenges

Tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and future challenges

Sedimentology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro J. M. Costa ◽  
César Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
Future Challenges

A note on the relationship between the rate of machine-milking and milk production of Ayrshire heifers

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

SUMMARYRecords of milking rate, milk yield and milk composition were collected over 12 yr from 123 Ayrshire heifers in their first lactation in one herd. Three direct measures of milking rate, i.e. peak flow rate, machine rate and overall rate were closely correlated and each was also correlated with total lactation yield of milk. Milking rate accounted for only a very small part of the variation in fat and total solids percentages. The mean yield of milk per milking in early lactation was a better predictor of total lactation yield than was milking rate but, among animals giving the same early lactation yield of milk, the faster milkers gave higher lactation yields than the slower milkers.

Comparison of weigh-suckle-weigh and machine milking for measuring ewe milk production.

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Benson ◽  
M J Henry ◽  
R A Cardellino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Machine Milking

Effect of stimulation intensity on oxytocin release before, during and after machine milking

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Alen Dzidic ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Stimulation Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

Release of oxytocin (OT) is essential for milk ejection in dairy cows (Lefcourt & Akers, 1983; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1998). During milk ejection, alveolar milk is shifted into the cistern, which causes an increase of intracisternal pressure (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). To initiate maximum milk ejection at the start of milking, increasing OT concentration beyond a threshold level is sufficient (Schams et al. 1983). Increasing OT concentration beyond this threshold has no additional effect on intracisternal pressure, i.e., milk ejection (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). Stimulatory effects of milking by hand or by machine or by suckling are well documented (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995; Tancin et al. 1995; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). At the start of milking, stimulatory effects of machine milking without pre-stimulation or with a manual pre-stimulation and subsequent machine milking cause the release of comparable amounts of OT (Gorewit & Gassman, 1985; Mayer et al. 1985; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996), whereas the timing of the applied pre-stimulation is important for the shape of the milk flow curve. Should the pre-stimulation period be too short, or absent altogether, the start of the main milk flow is delayed resulting in a bimodal milk flow profile (Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). Furthermore, the stimulation of only one teat causes an OT release similar to that caused by stimulation of all four teats (Bruckmaier et al. 2001). However, milk production is greater for hand milking or suckling than for machine milking, possibly owing to higher OT concentrations (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995).

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-REGIME PARAMETERS OF VARIABLE RUBBER OF VARIABLE SECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Hrytsun ◽  
Ihor Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

Domestic and foreign industries do not produce milking machines that would fully comply with the physiology of animals. Full milking of the udder and reduction of cows with ma-stit significantly depends on the operation of the milking machine. The quality of serial milking cups does not fully meet modern zootechnical requirements. In the process of their work, especially at the beginning and at the end of milking cows, "idle" milking can take place at nominal vacuum. Milking at high vacuum often irritates the teat sphincter, which often causes mastitis in animals, followed by cancer. Also, along with the growth of milk production, its quality is extremely important. The main technical solutions for milking machines with controlled change of vacuum pressure are analyzed. Some theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine, which provides a reduction of the vacuum load on the udder and a rigid vibration effect on the teat sphincter at nominal vacuum in the process of machine milking cows. Despite the many known solutions to improve the milking machine, the task of creating a design that combines high productivity and stimulation of the reflex remains relevant. Designs of milking machines are now being improved mainly in two directions, namely - the development of milking machines that allow you to adjust the operating parameters depending on the level of milk yield and design improvements of milking machines that stimulate the milk reflex without causing the animal negative effects. Theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the method of engineering calculation of the milking machine with controlled mode of vacuum pressure on the teats of the cow and to determine the optimal design parameters of the executive mechanisms. The obtained analytical expressions characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document