Inhibitory effects of redroot pigweed and crabgrass on switchgrass germination and growth—from lab to field

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincun Hou ◽  
Xu Hu ◽  
Yuesen Yue ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
Chunqiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Germination And Growth

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Redroot Pigweed and Crabgrass on Germination and Growth----From Lab To Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincun Hou ◽  
Xu Hu ◽  
Yuesen Yue ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
Chunqiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract Interactions between weeds and crops often occur by resource competition or allelopathy. However, it is still unknown how local weed species influence artificially introduced switchgrass. In this study, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) on germination and growth of switchgrass, the lowland tetraploid cultivar ‘Alamo’ (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo). Switchgrass germination was inhibited significantly in Petri dishes, with 48.1% and 33.9% inhibition on germination rate by redroot pigweed and crabgrass root aqueous extracts at 0.1 g·mL− 1 concentration, respectively. Significant inhibitory effects on switchgrass seedling biomass were observed at 5:5 proportion with redroot pigweed and crabgrass in glass jars, with 61.6% and 53.4% inhibition on plant biomass, respectively. Under the same root segregation, redroot pigweed had a stronger inhibitory effect on switchgrass seedling growth than crabgrass. Growth of transplanted switchgrass seedlings was inhibited significantly by local weeds in the field, with 46.2% and 11.7% inhibition on shoot biomass during the first and second growing seasons, respectively. However, no significant growth reduction in switchgrass was detected in the third growing season.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata L. and Zea mays L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ilori Olasupo John ◽  
Olutobi Oluwafunmilayo Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Range Test

A large number of plants impose inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of neighbouring or successional plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on the chlorophyll and protein contents of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers and Zea mays L.. This was with a view to determining the susceptibility of these crops to allelochemicals in the extracts prepared from T. rotundifolia. Seeds of the test plants were sown in pots filled with top humus soil. At two weeks, seedlings in each pot were thinned down to 10 seedlings per pot. Potted plants of the test crops were supplied with 400 ml of the appropriate water extracts while the control potted plants were supplied with 400 ml of water. Biochemical analyses were carried out according to standard methods. The data obtained were analysed by (ANOVA) to determine significant (P< 0.05) effects. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and protein contents in V. unguiculata and Z. mays and were significantly inhibited by the extract from T. rotundifolia. The inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals increased with concentration. The phytotoxic effect of T. rotundifolia was species dependent. It was concluded that the extract contains water-soluble allelochemicals which inhibited the biochemical parameters of the test crops. T. rotundifolia should be controlled where it grows in association with cultivated crops.

scholarly journals Debaryomyces hansenii Strains Isolated From Danish Cheese Brines Act as Biocontrol Agents to Inhibit Germination and Growth of Contaminating Molds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchu Huang ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Pernille Greve Johansen ◽  
Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽  
Nils Arneborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Germination And Growth

The antagonistic activities of native Debaryomyces hansenii strains isolated from Danish cheese brines were evaluated against contaminating molds in the dairy industry. Determination of chromosome polymorphism by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a huge genetic heterogeneity among the D. hansenii strains, which was reflected in intra-species variation at the phenotypic level. 11 D. hansenii strains were tested for their ability to inhibit germination and growth of contaminating molds, frequently occurring at Danish dairies, i.e., Cladosporium inversicolor, Cladosporium sinuosum, Fusarium avenaceum, Mucor racemosus, and Penicillium roqueforti. Especially the germination of C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti was significantly inhibited by cell-free supernatants of all D. hansenii strains. The underlying factors behind the inhibitory effects of the D. hansenii cell-free supernatants were investigated. Based on dynamic headspace sampling followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS), 71 volatile compounds (VOCs) produced by the D. hansenii strains were identified, including 6 acids, 22 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 3 benzene derivatives, 8 esters, 3 heterocyclic compounds, 12 ketones, and 2 phenols. Among the 71 identified VOCs, inhibition of germination of C. inversicolor correlated strongly with three VOCs, i.e., 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-pentanone as well as acetic acid. For P. roqueforti, two VOCs correlated with inhibition of germination, i.e., acetone and 2-phenylethanol, of which the latter also correlated strongly with inhibition of mycelium growth. Low half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were especially observed for 3-methylbutanoic acid, i.e., 6.32–9.53 × 10–5 and 2.00–2.67 × 10–4 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For 2-phenylethanol, a well-known quorum sensing molecule, the IC50 was 1.99–7.49 × 10–3 and 1.73–3.45 × 10–3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. For acetic acid, the IC50 was 1.35–2.47 × 10–3 and 1.19–2.80 × 10–3 mol/L for C. inversicolor and P. roqueforti, respectively. Finally, relative weak inhibition was observed for 2-pentanone and acetone. The current study shows that native strains of D. hansenii isolated from Danish brines have antagonistic effects against specific contaminating molds and points to the development of D. hansenii strains as bioprotective cultures, targeting cheese brines and cheese surfaces.

Allelopathic activity of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua) and the role of artemisinin

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lydon ◽  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Peter K. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Germination And Growth

Leaf tissue and leaf-tissue extracts from annual wormwood and pure artemisinin were evaluated for their effects on plant growth when incorporated into sandy loam soil. Dried leaf tissue was successively extracted with methylene chloride (MeCl2), ethanol (EtOH), and water, and the extracts and residue were reduced to dryness and stored at −20 C. Leaf tissue was incorporated in soil at rates equivalent to 0, 0.37, 0.73, or 1.1% (w/w) based on soil dry weight. Peat moss treated with extracts or artemisinin was incorporated into soil at a rate equivalent to the 0.73% (w/w) treatment. Inhibition of growth was species-specific; estimated reduction of dry weight by 0.73% (w/w) leaf tissue was 82, 49, 25, and 9% for redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, soybean, and corn, respectively. The effects of the MeCl2extract, which contained all of the extractable artemisinin, on germination and growth of redroot pigweed were similar to that of leaf tissue. Annual wormwood leaf tissue and MeCl2-extract treatments were the only treatments that resulted in a reduction in seedling survival. Artemisinin at levels equivalent to that contained in the MeCl2extract and leaf-tissue treatments had significantly less effect on seedling survival, germination, and growth of redroot pigweed than the MeCl2extract. Furthermore, the aqueous extract, which did not contain artemisinin, and the extract residue had activities similar to that of the artemisinin treatment. Thus, the allelopathic effects of annual wormwood can not be attributed to artemisinin alone.

Temperature effects on germination and growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis)

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiguo Guo ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Germination And Growth

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on seed germination and growth of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp. At 15/10 C day and night temperature, respectively, no seed germination was observed in any species. Seed germination increased gradually as temperature increased. Germination peaked at 25/20 C in common waterhemp and at 35/30 C in redroot pigweed and Palmer amaranth. Seed germination of all three species declined when temperatures increased above 35/30 C. All three species produced less biomass at 15/10 C than at 25/20 C and 35/25 C. Redroot pigweed and common waterhemp biomass were similar at 15/10 C and higher than that of Palmer amaranth. However, Palmer amaranth produced more biomass than redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at 25/20 and 35/30 C. At 45/40 C, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and Palmer amaranth plants died 8, 9, and 25 d after initiation of heat treatment, respectively. The largest root volume among the three species was in Palmer amaranth grown at 35/30 C, whereas the smallest root volume was produced by Palmer amaranth grown at 15/10 C. Potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fmax) of Palmer amaranth was higher than that of redroot pigweed and common waterhemp at higher temperature. The greater growth of Palmer amaranth at higher temperatures may be attributed in part to its extensive root growth and greater thermostability of its photosynthetic apparatus.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas and Burkholderia inhibit growth and asexual development of Phytophthora capsici

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amena Khatun ◽  
Tarin Farhana ◽  
Abdullah As Sabir ◽  
Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam ◽  
Helen M. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cell Free Culture Supernatant

AbstractThe objective of this study was to isolate and characterize antagonistic rhizobacteria from chili against a notorious phytopathogenPhytophthora capsici. Among the 48 bacteria isolated, BTLbbc-02, BTLbbc-03, and BTLbbc-05 were selected based on their inhibitory activity againstP. capsici. They were tentatively identified asBurkholderia metallicaBTLbbc-02, Burkholderia cepaciaBTLbbc-03, andPseudomonas aeruginosaBTLbbc-05, respectively, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All inhibited the growth ofP. capsiciat varying levels by inducing characteristic morphological alterations ofP. capsicihyphae. The cell-free culture supernatant of all three isolates impaired motility (up to 100%) and caused lysis (up to 50%) of the halted zoospores. Bioassays revealed thatPseudomonassp. had higher antagonism and zoospore motility-inhibitory effects againstP. capsicicompared with two other isolates,Burkholderiaspp. andB. metallica, which caused vacuolation in mycelium. All three bacteria suppressed sporangium formation and zoosporogenesis ofP. capsici, and improved the seed germination and growth of cucumber. Our findings suggest that epiphytic bacteria,B. metallica,B. cepacia, andP. aeruginosa, could be used as potential biocontrol agents againstP. capsici. A further study is required to ensure conformity with the existing regulations for soil, plant, and human health.

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