scholarly journals GC–MS metabolic profiling of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot cultivars during grapevine berry development and network analysis reveals a stage- and cultivar-dependent connectivity of primary metabolites

Metabolomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cuadros-Inostroza ◽  
Simón Ruíz-Lara ◽  
Enrique González ◽  
Aenne Eckardt ◽  
Lothar Willmitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Grapevine Berry

scholarly journals The Effect of Elevated CO2 on Berry Development and Bunch Structure of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Wohlfahrt ◽  
Susanne Tittmann ◽  
Dominik Schmidt ◽  
Doris Rauhut ◽  
Bernd Honermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Non Invasive

Carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the main factors driving climate change is known to increase grapevine growth and yield and could, therefore, have an impact on the fruit quality of vines. This study reports the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on berry development and bunch structure of two grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon) within the VineyardFACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide enrichment) experiment, using must analysis and non-invasive fluorescence sensor technology. Berry development was examined on five dates over three consecutive years by analyzing total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total acidity, organic acids, nutrition status, and non-invasive Multiplex measurements. Before harvest, secondary bunches were collected to examine bunch and berry parameters. Results showed that eCO2 had little impact on berry composition of Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon during berry development, which could be related to bunch structure or single berry weight within single seasons. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) did not result in modified TSS accumulation during ripening but was directly related to the chlorophyll index SFR_R. Higher single berry weights (SBW), higher malic acid (MA), and lower tartaric acid (TAA) were examined at some stages during development of berries under eCO2 levels. Our study provides evidence that eCO2 did alter some bunch and berry parameters without a negative impact on fruit quality.

scholarly journals Iso-Seq allows genome-independent transcriptome profiling of grape berry development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Minio ◽  
Mélanie Massonnet ◽  
Rosa Figueroa-Balderas ◽  
Amanda M. Vondras ◽  
Barbara Blanco-Ulate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Gene Space ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Computationally Intensive

AbstractTranscriptomics has been widely applied to study grape berry development. With few exceptions, transcriptomic studies in grape are performed using the available genome sequence, PN40024, as reference. However, differences in gene content among grape accessions, which contribute to phenotypic differences among cultivars, suggest that a single reference genome does not represent the species’ entire gene space. Though whole genome assembly and annotation can reveal the relatively unique or “private” gene space of any particular cultivar, transcriptome reconstruction is a more rapid, less costly, and less computationally intensive strategy to accomplish the same goal. In this study, we used single molecule-real time sequencing (Iso-Seq) to sequence full-length cDNA and reconstruct the transcriptome of Cabernet Sauvignon berries during berry ripening. In addition, Illumina short reads from ripening berries were used to error-correct low-expression isoforms and to profile isoform expression. By comparing the annotated gene space of Cabernet Sauvignon to other grape cultivars, we demonstrate that the transcriptome reference built with Iso-Seq data represents most of the expressed genes in the grape berries and includes 1,501 cultivar-specific genes. Iso-Seq produced transcriptome profiles similar to those obtained after mapping on a complete genome reference. Together, these results justify the application of Iso-Seq to identify cultivar-specific genes and build a comprehensive reference for transcriptional profiling that circumvents the necessity of a genome reference with its associated costs and computational weight.

scholarly journals Influence of Light on Grape Berry Growth and Composition Varies during Fruit Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Dokoozlian ◽  
W.M. Kliewer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Final Sample

Potted `Cabernet Sauvignon' and `Pinot noir' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in a sunlit phytotron were used to study the influence of cluster light exposure during various stages of fruit development on berry growth and composition. Clusters grown without light during berry development stages I and II, stage III, or stages I, II, and III, were compared to clusters exposed to light throughout fruit development (control). The temperature of light-exposed and nonexposed fruit was similar. The weights and diameters of berries grown without light during stages I and II, or stages I, II, and III, were similar and significantly lower than those of the control. Fruit softening in both cultivars, as well as the initiation of berry coloration, was delayed when berries were grown without light during stages I and II. Following fruit softening, berries grown without light during stages I, II, and III were lower in sugar than the control. On the final sample date, `Cabernet Sauvignon' berries grown without light during stages I, II, and III were higher in malate compared to the control. `Pinot noir' berries grown without light during stages I and II, or stages I, II, and III, were lower in malate before fruit softening, and higher in malate following fruit softening, than the control. Control berries had greater skin anthocyanins and phenolics compared to the remaining treatments. Berries grown without light during stages I and II, or stage III, were greater in anthocyanins and phenolics than fruit grown without light during stages I, II, and III. Light had no effect on fruit tartrate concentration or juice pH. Light had its greatest impact on fruit development during the initial stages of berry growth. Berry growth was reduced and ripening delayed when fruit were grown without light during stages I and II. Normal fruit development was not fully restored when these fruit were exposed to light during stage III.

scholarly journals A Sense of Place: Transcriptomics Identifies Environmental Signatures in Cabernet Sauvignon Berry Skins in the Late Stages of Ripening.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. Cramer ◽  
Noé Cochetel ◽  
Ryan Ghan ◽  
Agnès Destrac-Irvine ◽  
Serge Delrot
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract Background Grape berry ripening is influenced by climate, the main component of the “terroir” of a place. Light and temperature are major factors in the vineyard that affect berry development and fruit metabolite composition. Results To better understand the effect of “place” on berry ripening, transcript abundances in Cabernet Sauvignon berries grown in Bordeaux were compared to those in Reno during the late stages of berry development at similar berry sugar levels (19 to 26 °Brix, total soluble solids (TSS)). Day lengths were similar in both locations but day temperatures were warmer and night temperatures were cooler in Reno. TSS was lower in Bordeaux berries compared to Reno at maturity levels considered optimum for harvest. RNA-seq analysis identified 4,455 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Bordeaux and Reno grape skins at 22°Brix. Top DEG gene ontology categories involved response to stimulus (1464 genes), biosynthesis (1260 genes) and response to stress (834 genes). Some DEGS included genes encoding terpene synthases, cell wall enzymes, kinases, transporters, transcription factors and photoreceptors. Most circadian clock genes had higher transcript abundance in Bordeaux. The plant temperature sensor phytochrome B was linked with Reveille 1 expression, which is part of the circadian clock output pathway that affects seed dormancy. Bordeaux berries had higher transcript abundance with DEGs associated with seed dormancy, light, auxin, ethylene signaling, powdery mildew infection, phenylpropanoid, carotenoid and terpenoid metabolism, whereas Reno berries were enriched with DEGs involved in water deprivation, cold response, ABA signaling and Fe homeostasis. Conclusions Transcript abundance profiles in the berry skins at maturity were highly dynamic. RNA-seq analysis identified a common core set of ripening genes that do not depend on rootstock, vineyard management, plant age, soil and climatic conditions. Most DEGs could be associated with different environmental conditions that affected the berries in the two locations and may be potentially controlled in different ways by the vinegrower to adjust final berry composition and reach a desired result. Temperature, light, water status and fungal infection were identified to be some of the most influential factors that affected differential gene expression and the quality trait pathways associated with them.

scholarly journals Omics Approaches for Understanding Grapevine Berry Development: Regulatory Networks Associated with Endogenous Processes and Environmental Responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Serrano ◽  
Carmen Espinoza ◽  
Grace Armijo ◽  
Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau ◽  
Evelyn Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Grapevine Berry ◽  
Environmental Responses

scholarly journals Analysis of Primary Metabolites in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Varieties Correlated with Antioxidant Activity and Taste Attributes by Metabolic Profiling

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4282
Author(s):  
Ryota Mabuchi ◽  
Mao Tanaka ◽  
Chihori Nakanishi ◽  
Nanako Takatani ◽  
Shota Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Brassica vegetables, such as cabbage, have many health benefits arising from their antioxidant and anticancer properties. These properties are endowed by the metabolite composition of the plant, and it is therefore important to elucidate the metabolic profile and associated activities in this genus. This study objectively evaluated the characteristics of cabbage varieties using metabolic profiling to identify the primary metabolic components that correlate with antioxidant activity and taste attributes. GC-MS analysis was used to identify the primary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging assays, and an electronic tongue was used to quantitate nine taste attributes. Orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) using SIMCA 14 correlated the metabolite components with the taste and antioxidant characteristics. We identified 4-aminobutyric acid, fructose 1-phosphate, adipic acid, 5-oxoproline, N-acetylglycine, O-phosphoethanolamine, and homovanillic acid as important determinants of DPPH scavenging activity and umami, sourness, acidic bitterness, irritant and saltiness, bitterness, astringency, and richness, respectively. These metabolites represent markers indicating breed differences and contribute to differential cabbage functionality. These studies could be extended to measure additional metabolites, as well as to understand the role of growth conditions on the metabolic profile and health benefits of plants.

scholarly journals Towards the definition of a detailed transcriptomic map of berry development

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Marianna Fasoli ◽  
Chandra L. Richter ◽  
Sara Zenoni ◽  
Marco Sandri ◽  
Paola Zuccolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transcriptomic Level

The progress of the grapevine genomics and the development of high-throughput technologies for gene expression analysis stimulated the investigation of the physical, biochemical and physiological changes of grape berry growth and maturation at transcriptomic level. The molecular information generated in the last decade is however still fragmented since it relies upon detailed analysis of few stages and thus lacks continuity over grape development. To identify the molecular events associated with berry development at a higher temporal resolution and define a transcriptomic map, we performed RNA-seq analysis of berry samples collected every week from fruit-set to maturity in Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon for three consecutive years, resulting in 219 samples. Using the most variable portion of the transcriptome, we built a preliminary transcriptomic model of berry development based on the Cabernet Sauvignon samples. The Pinot noir samples were then aligned onto this preliminary ripening map to investigate its performance in describing the development of another grape variety. A further step for testing the model was the projection of RNA-seq samples of fruit development of five red-skin Italian cultivars. For all these surveys, the transcriptomic route allowed a precise definition of the progression of berry development during both formation and ripening phases.

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