Effects of haze pollution on pesticide use by rice farmers: fresh evidence from rural areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Andi Cao ◽  
Minjun Huang ◽  
Houjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Haze Pollution

scholarly journals Effects of Haze Pollution on Pesticide use by Rice Farmers: Fresh Evidence from Rural Area of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Andi Cao ◽  
Minjun Huang ◽  
Houjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Abstract Recently, serious haze pollution has not only threatened the human health and food security, but also seems to have aggravated the unscientific use of pesticides by rice farmers in rural area of China. Using original data on haze pollution across China, combined with rural household survey data collected from 2014 to 2018, we conducted a detailed empirical study on the effects of haze pollution on pesticide use by rice farmers based on the theory of risk aversion. The empirical results revealed that haze pollution with higher levels of PM2.5 positively impacted the use of chemical pesticides in the rice cultivation. More precisely, with 1% increases in PM2.5 concentration, the amount of pesticide application per mu increased by 7.9%, and the average pesticide fee per mu increased by 2.3%, respectively. The results were robust to a series of tests that addressed potential endogeneity concerns, including omitted variable bias, measurement error and reverse causality. We then examined the heterogeneous effects of haze pollution increase on the use of chemical pesticides and found that the effects of haze pollution on the use of chemical pesticides to be weaker for rice farmer with more rice-planting experience, those with smaller cultivated area of rice, however, the effects on the amount of chemical pesticide application per mu to be weaker for those with rice insurance, but the effects on the average chemical pesticide fee per mu to be stronger for those with rice insurance. Our findings provide important policy implications for pesticide risk management in rural areas of developing countries.

Pesticide Use and Self-Reported Health Symptoms Among Rice Farmers in Zanzibar

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa da Silva ◽  
Nadja Stadlinger ◽  
Aviti J. Mmochi ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Gaetano Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Reported Health

scholarly journals Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilin Wang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Aijun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol-planet boundary layer (PBL) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been named as its dome effect. However, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical distribution and aging processes of BC, and also the underlying land surface, have not been quantitatively explored yet. Here, based on available in-situ measurements of meteorology and atmospheric aerosols together with the meteorology-chemistry online coupled model, WRF-Chem, we conduct a set of parallel simulations to quantify the roles of these factors in influencing the BC's dome effect and surface haze pollution, and discuss the main implications of the results to air pollution mitigation in China. We found that the impact of BC on PBL is very sensitive to the altitude of aerosol layer. The upper level BC, especially those near the capping inversion, is more essential in suppressing the PBL height and weakening the turbulence mixing. The dome effect of BC tends to be significantly intensified as BC aerosol mixed with scattering aerosols during winter haze events, resulting in a decrease of PBL height by more than 25 %. In addition, the dome effect is more substantial (up to 15 %) in rural areas than that in the urban areas with the same BC loading, indicating an unexpected regional impact of such kind of effect to air quality in countryside. This study suggests that China's regional air pollution would greatly benefit from BC emission reductions, especially those from the elevated sources from the chimneys and also the domestic combustions in rural areas, through weakening the aerosol-boundary layer interactions that triggered by BC.

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP INCOME OF RICE FARMERS (Oryza Sativa) IN AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS IN VARIOUS LAND AREA IN SUB-DISTRICT AIKMEL KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Edy Hermawan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Relationship Analysis

Rice commodity in Aikmel sub-district is one of the main commodities with an area of ​​9,392 Ha of lowland rice farming and geographically. Non-agricultural activities in rural areas began to develop in response to insufficient income from the agricultural sector. Many rural residents engage in non-agricultural activities when the agricultural sector is free. This is what causes a large number of residents to work from the non-agricultural sector, related to employment and income opportunities. Seeing this condition, it is felt that research needs to be done. This study aims to look at the income of paddy rice farming, non-farming and the relationship between lowland rice farming income and non-farming income on various land areas. The method in this study, namely descriptive, data collection by survey technique, determining the number of samples were 30 people was carried out by quota sampling and taking farmers in each village was carried out by proportional random sampling and determination of villages as samples was carried out by purposive sampling. The Results of the study explain: 1) the average total income of lowland rice farming farmers is Rp. 1.207.412/LLG or equivalent to Rp. 5.219.359/Ha. 2) In this study, farmers receive an average non-farming income of rice farmers of Rp. 8,000,000.- planting season 3). Relationship analysis relationship obtained correlation coefficient value of 0,3786 Because it has a positive result with a correlation coefficient value of 0,3786, the larger the land area, the greater the contribution of agricultural sector income to total non-agricultural income.

The role of crop insurance in reducing pesticide use: Evidence from rice farmers in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 114456
Author(s):  
Houjian Li ◽  
Kaihua Yuan ◽  
Andi Cao ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Lili Guo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Rice Farmers

scholarly journals Risk Perception on Haze Pollution and Willingness to Pay for Self-Protection and Haze Management in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Sukanya Sereenonchai ◽  
Noppol Arunrat ◽  
Duangporn Kamnoonwatana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Chiang Mai Province ◽  
Self Protection

Air pollution is an important environmental health risk that affects people worldwide, including those in the Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. A questionnaire survey based on accidental sampling to explore risk perception and willingness to pay (WTP) for self-protection and haze management was conducted via face-to-face interview of 250 households, in one urban and four rural areas (covering one rural plain and three different levels of highland areas). Data were analyzed using the contingent valuation method, a one-way ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Key findings on risk perception found that urban respondents living in the lowest areas were more familiar with and experienced more effects from serious haze, while having the least trust in the local authority’s management to cope with the situation. Influential factors determining familiarity and effect for people in most areas were their harm and severe haze experiences. Comparing WTP for a mask, an air purifier, and local authorities support, respondents in all areas were mainly willing to pay for a mask; this was influenced by various factors. The highest average price of willingness to pay was found in the urban area. The important significant factors that increased WTP for self-protection of urban respondents was severe haze experience, while rural respondents who had a longer stay duration, including married farmers in highland areas with less education, tended to have less WTP for self-protection but more WTP for haze management. Avoiding crop residue burning is the first strategy that should be used to deal with haze pollution. Early burning schedules of the highland people should be formally announced, and prompt risk communication should be implemented by local and central authorities and media practitioners.

Current status of pesticide use among rice farmers in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Matsukawa ◽  
Kasumi Ito ◽  
Kazuhito Kawakita ◽  
Toshiharu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Rice Farmers

scholarly journals Effects of Pesticide Use on Semen Quality among Farmers in Rural Areas of Sabah, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feroz Hossain ◽  
Osman Ali ◽  
Urban J.A. D'souza ◽  
Daw Khin Saw Naing
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Pesticide Use

scholarly journals Differences among Thai Agricultural Workers’ Health, Working Conditions, and Pesticide Use by Farm Type

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpimol Kongtip ◽  
Noppanun Nankongnab ◽  
Redeerat Mahaboonpeeti ◽  
Sasivimol Bootsikeaw ◽  
Kiattisak Batsungnoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Exposure Prevention ◽  
Good Exposure

Abstract More than 11 million Thai people (38%) work in agriculture, but since most are in the informal sector, government enforcement and support are very limited. As a result, working conditions on Thai farms vary greatly, putting the health of many agricultural workers at risk. A cross-sectional study in three Thai provinces collected information on the work activities and conditions of 424 farmers representing five farm types: rice, vegetable, flower, rice/vegetable, and flower/vegetable. The agricultural workers were mainly women (60%); their average age was 53 but ranged from 18 to 87 years. More than 64% worked more than 5 days/week. Seventy-four percent of them had only primary school education. A number of the health and hazardous working conditions surveyed were significantly different by farm type. Rice farmers were found to have the highest prevalence of allergies, nasal congestion, wheezing, and acute symptoms after pesticide use, while flower farmers had the lowest prevalence of these health outcomes. Rice farmers reported the highest prevalence of hazardous working conditions including high noise levels, working on slippery surfaces, sitting or standing on a vibrating machine, spills of chemicals/pesticides, and sharp injuries. The lowest prevalence of these working conditions (except noise) was reported by flower farmers. Vegetable farmers reported the highest prevalence knee problems, while rice farmers had the lowest prevalence. Among these farmers, more than 27 different types of pesticides were reported in use during the past year, with the majority reporting use once a month. The flower/vegetable farming group reported the highest frequency of good exposure prevention practices during pesticide use. They were the most likely to report using cotton or rubber gloves or a disposable paper masks during insecticide spraying. Those farmers who only grew vegetables had the lowest frequency of good exposure prevention practices, including use of personal protective equipment. The economic cost of work-related injuries and illnesses among informal sector agricultural workers in Thailand is unknown and in need of study. Gaps in the regulations covering pesticide sales allow farmers to purchase pesticides without adequate training in their safe use. Training targeted to farm type regarding safe pesticide use and the prevention of accidents and musculoskeletal disorders is needed. Studies of chronic health effects among Thai farmers are needed, with special emphasis on respiratory, metabolic disease and cancer.

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