scholarly journals Effects of Haze Pollution on Pesticide use by Rice Farmers: Fresh Evidence from Rural Area of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Guo ◽  
Andi Cao ◽  
Minjun Huang ◽  
Houjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Abstract Recently, serious haze pollution has not only threatened the human health and food security, but also seems to have aggravated the unscientific use of pesticides by rice farmers in rural area of China. Using original data on haze pollution across China, combined with rural household survey data collected from 2014 to 2018, we conducted a detailed empirical study on the effects of haze pollution on pesticide use by rice farmers based on the theory of risk aversion. The empirical results revealed that haze pollution with higher levels of PM2.5 positively impacted the use of chemical pesticides in the rice cultivation. More precisely, with 1% increases in PM2.5 concentration, the amount of pesticide application per mu increased by 7.9%, and the average pesticide fee per mu increased by 2.3%, respectively. The results were robust to a series of tests that addressed potential endogeneity concerns, including omitted variable bias, measurement error and reverse causality. We then examined the heterogeneous effects of haze pollution increase on the use of chemical pesticides and found that the effects of haze pollution on the use of chemical pesticides to be weaker for rice farmer with more rice-planting experience, those with smaller cultivated area of rice, however, the effects on the amount of chemical pesticide application per mu to be weaker for those with rice insurance, but the effects on the average chemical pesticide fee per mu to be stronger for those with rice insurance. Our findings provide important policy implications for pesticide risk management in rural areas of developing countries.

scholarly journals Farmer knowledge and perceptions of agrochemicals use on honeybee community and honey production in Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anicet Gbèblonoudo Dassou ◽  
Corinne Anagonou ◽  
Senan Vohouhe ◽  
Aristide Adjai Edikou ◽  
Silvère Tovignan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

Abstract Background Apiculture faces many constraints including the use of agrochemicals. Chronic exposure to chemical pesticide use results in the loss of honeybee colonies and alters detoxification mechanisms and immune responses, driving them more susceptible to parasites. This study aims at investigating the impact of agrochemical use on honeybee community and honey production in northern Benin. Methods For this purpose, 100 beekeepers were surveyed using a survey questionnaire. Information on treated crops, the distance of beehives from these crops, the effect of insecticides and herbicides, adaptation patterns and honey production were collected through individual interviews. Socio-demographic data and farmer’s knowledge on agrochemical uses and their impacts on honeybee communities were determined. Information were also collected on alternative methods to agrochemicals, beehive types and honey taste. Results Apicultural investigations have shown that chemical pesticides were applied in fields of crops and that beehives were mostly located near treated fields. The most used chemical pesticides were Kalach (glyphosate), Callifor G (glyphosate, fluometuron, prometyn), Atrazila 80 wp (atrazin), Herbextra (glyphosate) and Cotonix (deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos). The majority of beekeepers (79%) recognize the effect of pesticides and use alternatives to pesticides to reduce the risk. In general, 49% of beekeepers found the decrease in the big breed of bees and 40% that of the small breed. The honey production was higher when the beehives were installed far from the treated fields. Conclusion and implications: This study allowed to knowing the direct and indirect effects of the agrochemical use on beekeeping. Alternative pest management methods to the pesticide use practiced by farmers would lead to sustainable improvements of honey production in Benin.

scholarly journals Pelatihan dan Keterampilan Pembasmi Hama Organik Pada Kelompok Tani

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Dias Prihatmoko ◽  
Khotibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Organic Pesticides ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

ABSTRAK   Kelompok tani Agung Rejeki dan kelompok tani Sumber Rejeki adalah dua diantara beberapa kelompok tani yang ada di Desa Mlaten Kecamatan Mijen Kabupaten Demak. Selama ini upaya Kelompok Tani Agung Rejeki dan Sumber Rejeki dalam pemberantasan hama dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida kimiawi yang mengakibatkan banyak kerugian. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya solusi untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimiawi yaitu dengan membuat pestisida organik dan ramah lingkungan. Pada kegiatan pengabdian Iptek bagi Masyarakat ini dilakukan kegiatan utama, yaitu Program pelatihan dan keterampilan penggunaan pestisida organik, metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan pelatihan tatap muka berupa teori dan praktek pembuatan pestisida organik. Beberapa kegiatan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan yang memadai kepada petani tentang cara penggunaan pestisida yang efektif, efisien dan memperhatikan aspek keberlangsungan ekologi, serta petani dapat membuat dan menerapkan pestisida organik yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berupa pestisida yang terbuat dari bahan-bahan organik. Kata Kunci : Pestisida Organik, Kelompok Tani, IPTEK Pestisida Organik  ABSTRACT                Farmer Group Agung Rejeki and Sumber Rejeki are two of several farmer groups in Desa Mlaten, Kecamatan Mijen, Kabupaten Demak. They are using chemical pesticide for kill the pest which resulted in many losses. A solution to reduce the use of chemical pesticides that is by making organic pesticides and environmentally friendly. In this activity are training program and skills of organic pesticide use, the method used is the theoretical training and practice of making organic pesticides. These activities are aim intended to provide farmers with sufficient understanding and skill on how to use pesticides effectively, efficiently and to pay attention to aspects of ecological sustainability, and farmers can create and apply organic pesticides that are effective and environmentally friendly. The results of this activity are pesticides made from organic materials. Keyword : Organic Pesticide, Farmer Group, IPTEK

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Practice of Chemical Pesticide Use and Acute Poisoning Experienced by Farmers in Chitwan District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Simrin Kafle ◽  
Abhinav Vaidya ◽  
Bandana Pradhan ◽  
Erik Jørs ◽  
Sharad Onta
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chemical Pesticide ◽  
Market Management ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In view of increasing irrational use and unsafe handling of pesticides in agriculture in Nepal, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the practice of chemical pesticide use and acute health symptoms experienced by farmers. A total of 790 farmers from the Chitwan district were randomly selected for the study. X2 test, T-test, and Multiple Logistic Regression were used for analysis. Among the farmers, 84% used exclusively chemical pesticide. Farmers with better knowledge on pesticide handling were 8.3 times more likely to practice safe purchasing, four times more likely to practice safe mixing and spraying, and two times more likely to practice safe storage and disposal. Similarly, perception/attitude of farmers about chemical pesticide policy and market management was significantly associated with the practice of farmers during purchasing, mixing and spraying, and storage and disposal. Among the users of chemical pesticides, 18.7% farmers experienced one or more pesticide related acute symptoms of health problems during the previous 12 months. Farmers with unsafe practices of pesticide handling were two times more likely to suffer from acute poisoning. It is concluded that knowledge about pesticide handling and favorable perception/attitude on pesticide policy and market management are the predictors of safe use of pesticide.

scholarly journals Facilitating co-production in public services: Empirical evidence from a co-design experience with family caregivers living in a remote and rural area

2020 ◽  
pp. 095148482097145
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gheduzzi ◽  
Niccolò Morelli ◽  
Guendalina Graffigna ◽  
Cristina Masella
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Care Agency ◽  
Home Care Agency ◽  
Design Experience

The involvement of vulnerable actors in co-production activities is a debated topic in the current public service literature. While vulnerable actors should have the same opportunities to be involved as other actors, they may not have the needed competences, skills and attitudes to contribute to this process. This paper is part of a broader project on family caregivers’ engagement in remote and rural areas. In particular, it investigates how to facilitate co-production by looking at four co-design workshops with family caregivers, representatives of a local home care agency and researchers. The transcripts of the workshops were coded using NVivo, and the data were analysed based on the existing theory about co-production. Two main findings were identified from the analysis. First, the adoption of co-production by vulnerable actors may occur in conjunction with other forms of engagement. Second, the interactions among facilitators and providers play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of co-production. We identified at least two strategies that may help facilitators and providers achieve that goal. However, there is a need for an in-depth understanding of how facilitators and providers should interact to enhance implementation of co-production.

RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED?

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAZHARUL ISLAM ◽  
KAZI MD ABUL KALAM AZAD
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Urban Rural

SummaryThis paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children’s survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999–2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural–urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant–native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. Like childhood mortality rates, rural–urban migrants seem to be moderately disadvantaged by economic status compared with their urban native counterparts. Within the urban areas, the child survival status is even worse among the migrant poor than among the average urban poor, especially recent migrants. This poor–non-poor differential in childhood mortality is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The study findings indicate that rapid growth of the urban population in recent years due to rural-to-urban migration, coupled with higher risk of mortality among migrant’s children, may be considered as one of the major explanations for slower decline in under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh, thus diminishing urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality in Bangladesh. The study demonstrates that housing conditions and access to safe drinking water and hygienic toilet facilities are the most critical determinants of child survival in urban areas, even after controlling for migration status. The findings of the study may have important policy implications for urban planning, highlighting the need to target migrant groups and the urban poor within urban areas in the provision of health care services.

scholarly journals Joint Estimation of the Characteristics and Intensity of Poverty in Spain: The Case of Imputed Rent

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Calvo ◽  
Cristina Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Cortiñas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Heckman Model ◽  
Poor Population ◽  
Imputed Rent

In 2007 the Spanish National Institute of Statistics modified the methodological approach to the Survey of Income and Living Conditions and included an estimate of Imputed Rent. It removes one of the main criticisms of Spanish poverty studies since this variable is associated with home ownership, and because more than 80% of Spanish families are homeowners, its exclusion biased the estimates of the size of Spain's poor population and poverty intensity. We estimate a Heckman model with a selection equation in which the dependent variable is the probability of being poor, and a truncated regression to explain poverty intensity. Our findings have at least two economic policy implications: Spanish social policy against poverty should take into account geographical differences but, at the same time, should consider Imputed Rent. Without this variable efforts should concentrate in Spanish less developed regions and rural areas, but if we include it poverty increases in urban population. The article has also reveals that most retired people cannot be considered poor if we take into account wealth (imputed rent included) instead of current income (pension).

Pesticide Use and Self-Reported Health Symptoms Among Rice Farmers in Zanzibar

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa da Silva ◽  
Nadja Stadlinger ◽  
Aviti J. Mmochi ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Gaetano Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Reported Health

The Determinants of Poverty: Case of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Lilik Sugiharti ◽  
Martha Ranggi Primanthi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Logit Regression Model

Objective - The objectives of the study were to analyze the general picture of poverty, and determinants of poverty in Indonesia. Understanding poverty characteristic is a main point for designing an effective poverty reduction strategy. During the last five years Indonesia has experienced a slowing down growth and the poverty rates has declined slightly. Some provinces or regions have managed to reduce the poverty well, while others have been slower, and also the distribution of the poor is uneven across both rural and urban, generally the rural is more than urban area. Methodology/Technique - Factors determining poverty of households were estimated and anayzed using a logit regression model, and it is found that such demographic factors as gender and age of households head, size of households, factors of production included accessibility to the technology and credit, working status, and education attainment, and also geographic characteristics significantly explain reasons for being poor. Moreover, increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention. Findings - The results of the determinants of poverty in Indonesia shows that poor households are those with large number of dependents and equipped with limited education access, and the majority of these households live in rural area. Novelty - Study suggests that increasing for accessibility of households to the technology and credit, reducing the size of households, and increasing an education attainment especially in rural area are important to do as a government priority intervention or policy implications. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Logit Regression; Poverty Reduction, Indonesia. JEL Classification: I21, I22, I24.

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