scholarly journals Evaluation of symmetric dimethylarginine and Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef M. Y. Elgazzar ◽  
Mohamed M. Ghanem ◽  
Yassein M. Abdel-Raof ◽  
Mohamed M.M. Kandiel ◽  
Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine

scholarly journals Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Doppler Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Mohamed Yassein Elgazzar ◽  
Mohamed M. Ghanem ◽  
Yassein M. Abdel-Raof ◽  
Mohamed.M.M. Kandiel ◽  
Mahmoud Helal
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Gentamicin Sulphate

Abstract Acute kidney injury is a common problem in dogs and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, so this study was aimed to evaluate Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), Doppler ultrasonography including resistive index (RI) in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in dogs. Ten healthy mongrel dogs were injected with gentamicin sulphate 10% at the dose of 30 mg/ kg body weight daily for ten days for induction of acute kidney injury. Clinical, Biochemical, Ultrasonographic, Doppler ultrasonographic examinations, and urinalysis were performed for all dogs on zero day before induction, on the 5th day, and the 10th day of induction. The results of the current study showed a significant increase in plasma level of SDMA, serum urea, creatinine, phosphorus, potassium, and a significant decrease in serum sodium, calcium, and chloride on the 5th day and 10th day of induction, there was an increase in renal cortical echogenicity of right and left kidney compared to adjacent liver and spleen, respectively. RI value showed a significant increase on the 5th day and 10th day of induction. This study showed that SDMA is a sensitive, and promising biomarker for diagnosis of acute kidney injury in dogs compared to routine biomarkers also, the RI of Doppler ultrasonography is useful for early identifying acute kidney injury when the only observable change is an increase in cortical echogenicity.

scholarly journals Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute kidney injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Siwinska ◽  
Agnieszka Zak ◽  
Malwina Slowikowska ◽  
Artur Niedzwiedz ◽  
Urszula Paslawska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine

Abstract Background There are limited options to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is routinely used in human and small animal medicine. The aim of this study was to assess serum SDMA concentrations in healthy horses and horses with AKI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of: 1) age, 2) sex, 3) body weight and 4) serum creatinine and urea levels on serum SDMA concentrations. Fifty-three healthy horses, including 17 foals (2–6 months of age) and 36 adult horses (3–29 years of age), and 23 horses with AKI were included in the study based on history, physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis and an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract. Serum SDMA concentrations were measured using a non-species specific commercial ELISA test. Results In healthy adult horses, the value of SDMA was 0.53 ± 0.14 μmol/L. The value was higher in foals (1.5 ± 0.4 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Horses with AKI had significantly higher concentrations of SDMA compared to healthy horses (1.76 ± 1.05 μmol/L, P < 0.001). In the healthy adult horses, there was no association of sex, age or body weight on SDMA. However, a significant positive relationship was found between serum creatinine and SDMA concentrations. Conclusions Healthy adult horses had SDMA values similar to those of other species. Foals had higher SDMA values. Therefore, different reference values should be created for them. The study confirmed an increased SDMA in horses with AKI. This, as well as the low influence of extrarenal factors on the SDMA values, may confirm its usefulness in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction. Higher SDMA values may also indicate a more advanced degree of kidney dysfunction. Further research is required to determine whether SDMA could be used to detect kidney dysfunction in the asymptomatic stage of AKI.

scholarly journals Plasma Symmetric Dimethylarginine Concentration in Dogs with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Dahlem ◽  
R. Neiger ◽  
A. Schweighauser ◽  
T. Francey ◽  
M. Yerramilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine

scholarly journals Detecting acute kidney injury in horses by measuring the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine in serum

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Siwinska ◽  
Agnieszka Zak ◽  
Urszula Paslawska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses may develop as a complication of a primary disease or following the administration of nephrotoxic drugs, and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Hence, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and diagnostic significance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and conventional renal dysfunction biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of developing AKI, and horses with clinically evident AKI. A second aim was to assess how gastrointestinal disease and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs affected SDMA levels. Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses with gastrointestinal disease and/or receiving phenylbutazone or gentamicin (risk group) and 11 horses with AKI were included in the study. Serum SDMA levels were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests. Results SDMA levels in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were 12 µg/dL (11–14), 12 µg/dL (11–13) and 20 µg/dL (20–37), respectively (all results presented as a median (quartile 1–quartile 3)). There was a significant difference in SDMA concentration between the healthy horses and those with AKI, whereas the SDMA levels in healthy horses and those at risk of AKI were comparable. A SDMA cut-off value of 19 µg/dL was established. Horses from the risk group had higher urine protein concentration and urine protein to creatinine ratio compared with healthy horses. Furthermore, horses with colic from the risk group presented with elevated urine γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to creatinine ratio. Conclusion The SDMA cut-off value established in healthy horses was higher than previously reported. The SDMA level correlated with the azotaemia levels. Horses from the AKI risk group had normal SDMA levels but single urine parameters was abnormal indicating their higher sensitivity in assessing subclinical kidney dysfunction.

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