Toxicological effects of active and inert ingredients of imazethapyr formulation Verosil® against Scenedesmus vacuolatus (Chlorophyta)

The cancer risks posed by ten substances in raw and purified water were estimated for each municipality in Japan to compare risks between raw and purified water, and inter-municipality. Water concentrations were estimated by use of statistical data. Assigning cancer unit risks to each substance and applying the assumption of additive toxicological effects to multiple carcinogens, total cancer risks of the waters were estimated. As a result, the geometric means of total cancer risks in raw and purified water were 1.16×10−5 and 2.18×10−5, respectively. In raw water, the contribution ratio of arsenic to total cancer risk accounted for 97%. In purified water, that of four trihalomethanes (THMs) accounted for 54%. The increase of total cancer risks in purified water was due to THMs. In regard to the geographical variation, the relationship between population size and total cancer risks were investigated. The result was that there were higher cancer risks in the big cities with the population more than a million both in raw and purified water. One plausible reason for the higher risks in purified water in the big cities is a larger chlorination dose due to the huge water supply areas. The reason for the increase in raw water remained unclear.

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Glycation and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Implication in Diabetes and Associated Complications

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399814666180924113442 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rabia Nabi ◽

Sahir Sultan Alvi ◽

Mohd. Saeed ◽

Saheem Ahmad ◽

Mohammad Salman Khan

Keyword(s):

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Protective Role ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Coa Reductase

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) acts as an absolute mediator of cardiovascular risk, prompting the prolonged occurrence, size and intricacy of atherosclerotic plaques via enhanced Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) formation. Moreover, hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced glyco-oxidized and oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) possessing greater atherogenicity and decreased the ability to regulate HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-R). Although aminoguanidine (AG) prevents the AGE-induced protein cross-linking due to its anti-glycation potential, it exerts several unusual pharmaco-toxicological effects thus restraining its desirable therapeutic effects. HMG-R inhibitors/statins exhibit a variety of beneficial impacts in addition to the cholesterol-lowering effects. Objective: Inhibition of AGEs interaction with receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and glyco-oxidized-LDL by HMG-R inhibitors could decrease LDL uptake by LDL-receptor (LDL-R), regulate cholesterol synthesis via HMG-R, decrease oxidative and inflammatory stress to improve the diabetes-associated complications. Conclusion: Current article appraises the pathological AGE-RAGE concerns in diabetes and its associated complications, mainly focusing on the phenomenon of both circulatory AGEs and those accumulating in tissues in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the potential protective role of HMG-R inhibitors against diabetic complications.

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Toxicological effects induced by the biocide triclosan on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 230 ◽

pp. 105706

Author(s):

Manuela D. Machado ◽

Eduardo V. Soares

Keyword(s):

Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽

Toxicological Effects

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Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of thiourea derivatives

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 764-777

Author(s):

Sumaira Naz ◽

Muhammad Zahoor ◽

Muhammad Naveed Umar ◽

Saad Alghamdi ◽

Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Organosulfur Compounds ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Thiourea Derivatives ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

AbstractThioureas and their derivatives are organosulfur compounds having applications in numerous fields such as organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industries. Symmetric thiourea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various anilines with CS2. The synthesized compounds were characterized using the UV-visible and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened for in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes and for their antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. These compounds were fed to Swiss male albino mice to evaluate their toxicological effects and potential to inhibit glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) inhibition. The antibacterial studies revealed that compound 4 was more active against the selected bacterial strains. Compound 1 was more active against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, AChE, BuChE, and α-glucosidase. Compound 2 was more potent against α-amylase and G6Pase. Toxicity studies showed that compound 4 is safe as it exerted no toxic effect on any of the hematological and biochemical parameters or on liver histology of the experimental animals at any studied dose rate. The synthesized compounds showed promising antibacterial and antioxidant potential and were very active (both in vitro and in vivo) against G6Pase and moderately active against the other selected enzymes used in this study.

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