Research status and prospect of stem cells in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue and bone marrow have a great potential for use in cell therapy due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and differentiation. Our intention was to isolate and promote in vitro expansion and differentiation of MSCs from human adipose and bone marrow tissue into cells with a pancreatic endocrine phenotype and to compare the potency of these cells together.Methods and Results: MSCs were pre-induced with nicotinamide, mercaptoethanol, B-27 and b-FGF in L-DMEM for 2 days and re-induced again in supplemented H-DMEM for another 3 days. Expression of five genes in differentiated beta cells was evaluated by Real-time PCR and western blotting and the potency of insulin release in response to glucose stimulation was evaluated by insulin and C-peptide ELISA kit.Quantitative RT-PCR results showed up-regulation of four genes in differentiated beta-islet cells (Insulin, Ngn-3, Pax-4 and Pdx-1) compared with the control. Western blot analysis showed that MSCs cells mainly produced proinsulin and insulin after differentiation but nestin was more expressed in pre-differentiated stem cells. Glucose and insulin secretion assay showed that insulin levels and C-peptide secretion were significantly increased in response to 10 mM glucose.Conclusions: Our study showed that both adipose and bone marrow stem cells could differentiate into functional beta-islet cells but it seems that adipose stem cells could be a better choice for treatment of diabetes mellitus according to their more safety and potency.

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The progress of Stem cells in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1

Progress in Stem Cell ◽

10.15419/psc.v4i01.184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nihad Elsadig Babiker ◽

Alsadig Gassoum ◽

Nahla E. Abdelraheem ◽

Mohamed Abdelrahman Arbab ◽

Sawsan Ahmed Hamed ALDeaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in the world. The total number of diabetic’s population is increasing every year. Currently used treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1 by controlling the blood sugar levels, doesn’t prevent complications which associate diabetes. The stem cell based therapy for diabetes aims to replace the diseased or lost cells of the pancreas with new cells using pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Scientists successfully produced insulin secreting cell from different types of stem cells. In this article we briefly reviewed the progress made in the stem cell research for diabetes treatment.

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Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-17-0080 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. R155-R165 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

William C Newton ◽

Joseph W Kim ◽

John Z Q Luo ◽

LuGuang Luo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cell Types ◽

Autoimmune Destruction ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Islet Transplants ◽

Regenerative Therapies

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from a majority of cell types. Exosomes play a role in healthy and pathogenic intercellular interactions via the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA. The contents and effects of exosomes vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. Exosomes secreted from some cell types, including stem cells, carry biological factors implicated in the protection, regeneration and angiogenesis of damaged tissues. Due to these properties, exosomes have attracted attention as a novel vector for regenerative therapies. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool could have applications for the treatment of many disorders characterized by chronic tissue damage. Exosomes derived from stem cells could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus. The immunomodulatory and reparative properties of stem cell-derived exosomes could protect or even restore an early-stage type 1 diabetic patient’s original islets from autoimmune destruction. Exosomes could also possibly suppress graft rejection of pancreatic islet transplants. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the treatment of diabetes mellitus using exosome-based therapies be further explored. Development of novel therapies using exosomes is slowed by a limited understanding of their mechanisms. This hurdle must be overcome to pave the way for clinical trials and ultimately the adaptation of exosomes as a therapeutic vector.

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Pancreatic stem cells – new therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930.59.11.599 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 599-602

Author(s):

Zulewski

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Typ 1 ◽

Pancreatic Stem Cells ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Die Entdeckung von multipotentiellen Stammzellen in embryonalen und adulten Langerhans’schen Inseln des Pankreas lässt Hoffnungen keimen auf eine künftige Stammzell basierte Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Diese Stammzellen sind charakterisiert durch die Expression des Neurofilamentes Nestin, einem Marker für Stammzellen des Zentralen Nervensystems. Nestin positive Zellen aus humanen pankreatischen Inseln können ex vivo isoliert und expandiert werden. Sie bergen das Potenzial sich in vitro sowohl in Zellen mit pankreatisch-endokrinem als auch exokrinem Phänotyp zu differenzieren mit der Expression von Insulin und Glukagon sowie exokrinen Markern wie dem Zytokeratin19 und der Amylase. Zusätzlich haben diese pankreatischen Stammzellen die Fähigkeit in Kultur Proteine zu exprimieren, die einem hepatischen Phänotyp entsprechen. Die Differenzierung Nestin-positiver Stammzellen in Insulin exprimierende Zellen wird entscheidend gefördert durch das insulinotrope Hormon GLP-1.

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Stem cells: The therapeutic role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews ◽

10.1080/02648725.2010.10648154 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 285-304

Author(s):

Gary G. Adams ◽

Lee Buttery ◽

Snow Stolnik ◽

Gordon Morris ◽

Stephen Harding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Therapeutic Role ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Excellent Candidate for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/9938658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Qiulan Huang ◽

Yanting Huang ◽

Jianping Liu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Disease Modeling ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Β Cells ◽

Cell Replacement Therapy ◽

Excellent Candidate ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells (ASCs) known for repairing damaged cells, exerting anti-inflammatory responses and producing immunoregulatory effects that can be significantly induced into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), providing an inexhaustible supply of functional β cells for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling for diabetes. MSC therapy may be the most promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of these significant merits. In this paper, we focused on MSC therapy for diabetes.

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Stem cells in the treatment of diabetes mellitus — Focus on mesenchymal stem cells

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Günter Päth ◽

Nikolaos Perakakis ◽

Christos S. Mantzoros ◽

Jochen Seufert

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

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Extrinsic Factors Involved in the Differentiation of Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells: An Overview

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2011/406182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rebecca S. Y. Wong

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽

Insulin Producing Cells ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with many debilitating complications. Treatment of diabetes mellitus mainly revolves around conventional oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin replacement therapy. Recently, scientists have turned their attention to the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from stem cells of various sources. To date, many types of stem cells of human and animal origins have been successfully turned into IPCsin vitroand have been shown to exert glucose-lowering effectin vivo. However, scientists are still faced with the challenge of producing a sufficient number of IPCs that can in turn produce sufficient insulin for clinical use. A careful choice of stem cells, methods, and extrinsic factors for induction may all be contributing factors to successful production of functional beta-islet like IPCs. It is also important that the mechanism of differentiation and mechanism by which IPCs correct hyperglycaemia are carefully studied before they are used in human subjects.

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