Assessment and zoning of environmental hazard of heavy metals using the Nemerow integrated pollution index in the vineyards of Malayer city

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

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Source and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil–Ginger System in the Jing River Basin of Shandong Province, North China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6749

Author(s):

Songtao Wang ◽

Zongjun Gao ◽

Yuqi Zhang ◽

Hairui Zhang ◽

Zhen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

River Basin ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Cr Content

This study investigated the characteristics and sources of heavy metals in a soil–ginger system and assessed their health risks. To this end, 321 topsoil samples and eight soil samples from a soil profile, and 18 ginger samples with root–soil were collected from a ginger-planting area in the Jing River Basin. The average concentration of heavy metals in the topsoil followed the order: Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. In the soil profile, at depths greater than 80 cm, the contents of Cr, Ni, and Zn tended to increase with depth, which may be related to the parent materials, whereas As and Cu contents showed little change. In contrast, Pb content decreased sharply from top to bottom, which may be attributable to external environmental and anthropogenic factors. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd contents in soil are affected by natural sources, Pb and As contents are significantly affected by human activities, and Hg content is affected by farmland irrigation. Combined results of the single pollution index (Pi), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk assessment (Ei and RI) suggest that soil in the study area is generally not polluted by heavy metals. In ginger, Zn content was the highest (2.36 mg/kg) and Hg content was the lowest (0.0015 mg/kg). Based on the bioconcentration factor, Cd and Zn have high potential for enrichment in ginger. With reference to the limit of heavy metals in tubers, Cr content in ginger exceeds the standard in the study area. Although Cr does not accumulate in ginger, Cr enrichment in soil significantly increases the risk of excessive Cr content in ginger.

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Review of Heavy Metals Pollution in China in Agricultural and Urban Soils

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-8.18.180607 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (18) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Eshetu Shifaw

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Contamination ◽

Health Risks ◽

Urban Soils ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

National Level ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Background Level ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Soil Toxicity

Background. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil and potential risks to the environment and public health are receiving increased attention in China. Objectives. The objective of this paper is to review and analyze heavy metals soil contamination in urban and agricultural areas and on a national scale in China. Methods. Initially, data on soil heavy metals concentration levels were gathered from previous studies and narratively analyzed. A further statistical analysis was performed using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness and kurtosis. Pollution levels were calculated and tabulated to illustrate overall spatial variations. In addition, pollution sources, remedial measures and impact of soil contamination as well as limitations are addressed. Results. The concentration level of heavy metals was above the natural background level in most areas of China. The problem was more prevalent in urban soils than agricultural soils. At the national level, the soil in most of the southern provinces and Beijing were heavily polluted. Even though the pollution condition based on Igeo was promising, the Nemerow integrated pollution level was the most worrisome. The soils in about 53% of the provinces were moderately to heavily polluted (NIPI>2). The effects were noticed in terms of both public and ecological health risks. The major sources were waste gas, wastewater, and hazardous residuals from factories and agricultural inputs such as pesticides. Efforts have been made to reduce the concentrations and health risks of heavy metals, including policy interventions, controlling contamination sources, reducing the phytoavailability of heavy metals, selecting and rearing of grain cultivars with low risk of contamination, paddy water and fertilizer management, land use changes, phytoremediation and engineering techniques. Conclusions. China is experiencing rapid economic and technological advancements. This increases the risk of heavy metals contamination of soil. If serious attention is not paid to this problem, soil toxicity and biological accumulation will continue to threaten the sustainability of China's development. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v5i1.7763 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fasmi Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Marine Organism ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Sediment Quality ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Guideline Values

<p>Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2). The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.</p> <p>Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.</p>

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Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 851 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

A T Sekarningsih ◽

W Budianta ◽

I W Warmada ◽

H Hinode

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Soil Samples ◽

City Center ◽

Urban City ◽

Heavy Metals Contamination ◽

The City ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

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Pollution Index and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in the Surface Soils of Amir-Abad Area in Birjand City, Iran

Health Scope ◽

10.17795/jhealthscope-21137 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Sayadi ◽

Mehri Shabani ◽

Najmeh Ahmadpour

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Surface Soils

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Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11853

Author(s):

Xingyong Zhang ◽

Qixin Wu ◽

Shilin Gao ◽

Zhuhong Wang ◽

Shouyang He

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

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Investigation of Heavy Metals Level in selected Boreholes around the Vicinity of some Cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i5.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 841-845

Author(s):

C.A.E. Ibhadode ◽

I.R. Ilaboya

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Mean Value ◽

Dry Season ◽

Wet Season ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Benin City ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration

Groundwater pollution by heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel and iron is one of the major environmental issues of concern which has developed into a widely studied area. In this study, attempt was made to investigate the level of heavy metals in selected boreholes around the vicinity of cemeteries in Benin City. Seventy-two (72) samples of groundwater were taken from boreholes in 9 stations around the three cemeteries in Benin City on monthly basis. The samples were analysed for 7 heavy metals, in accordance with standard procedures. The heavy metals include; Zinc, Lead Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. From the results of the study, a variation in the mean concentration of zinc was observed. The mean concentration of zinc in site 1 was 0.450mg/l, for site 2, it was 0.140mg/l and for site 3, it was 1.0533mg/l. For iron, mean concentration was 0.072mg/l in site 1. For site 2, mean concentration of iron was 2.140mg/l and for site 3, mean concentration of iron was 0.560mg/l. It was further revealed based on the results that mean value of heavy metals in groundwater around cemeteries in Benin City were generally lower during dry season compared to wet season. In addition, result of computed pollution index (Pi) revealed that the heavy metal with the highest potential to pollute groundwater is Cadmium, with Pi of 0.5333 and 0.400 representing dry season and wet season respectively.

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Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8030075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Rongxi Li ◽

Yuan Yuan ◽

Chengwei Li ◽

Wei Sun ◽

Meng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Hangzhou Bay ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Industrial Areas ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Functional Areas

Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.

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