Environmental Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in the Coastal Cities of Estuarine Bay—A Case Study of Hangzhou Bay, China

Shanghai is the major city on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, and the administrative regions adjacent to Hangzhou Bay are the Jinshan district, Fengxian district, and Pudong new area (Nanhui district), which are the main intersection areas of manufacturing, transportation, and agriculture in Shanghai. In this paper, we collected a total of 75 topsoil samples from six different functional areas (agricultural areas (19), roadside areas (10), industrial areas (19), residential areas (14), education areas (6), and woodland areas (7)) in these three administrative regions, and the presence of 10 heavy metals (manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), cobalt(Co), cadmium(Cd), mercury(Hg), copper(Cu), and arsenic(As)) was investigated in each sample. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated to assess the soil pollution levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment models were used to assess the human health risks posed by the concentrations of the heavy metals. The CR and HQ for adults and children in different functional areas descended in the following order: industrial areas > roadside areas > woodland areas > residential areas > education areas > agricultural areas. The HQ of Mn for children in industrial areas was higher than 1, and the risk was within the acceptable range.

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Heavy Metals Distribution, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Liangliang Huang ◽

Saeed Rad ◽

Li Xu ◽

Liangying Gui ◽

Xiaohong Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

South China ◽

Ecological Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Anthropogenic Sources

This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the largest karst wetland (Huixian) of south China. Numerous samples from superficial soil and sediment within ten representative landuse types were collected and examined, and the results were analyzed using multiple methods. Single pollution index (Pi) results were underpinned by the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) method, in which Cd was observed as the priority pollutant with the highest contamination degree in this area. As for the most polluted landuse type, via applying Nemerow’s synthetical contamination index (PN) and Potential ecological risk index (RI), the river and rape field posed the highest ecological risks, while moderate for the rest. To quantify the drivers of the contaminants, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out and weathering of the watershed’s parent carbonate rocks was found to be the main possible origin, followed by anthropogenic sources induced by agricultural fertilizer. Considering the impacts of these potentially toxic elements on public health, the results of this study are essential to take preventive actions for environmental protection and sustainable development in the region.

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Computing the Parametric Geo-Accumulation and Ecological Risk Indices of Some Heavy Metals Along on, Charsadda-Peshawar Road, Pakistan

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss3.2019.319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Fiza Sarwar ◽

Zufishan Anjum ◽

Noor Fatima ◽

Muhammad Jahangir Khan ◽

S. Umair Ullah Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Assessment ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Sample Collection

Charsadda to Peshawar road is characterized with diverse surrounding environment of residential settlements,industrial zones, commercial and agricultural sectors along with heavy traffic route which is contributing to heavy metalpollution. This study is focused on heavy metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) contribution to theatmospheric pollution level. The heavy metals pollution assessment is carried out by sample collection (soil dust samplesand two vegetation species Cyperus esculentus and Cynodon dactylon) from ten sites along the road which were analyzedby using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Average values of pollution index (PI) as well as average value ofpollution load index (PLI) for Cr, Cd and Pb in case of Cyperus esculentus, Cynodon dactylon and dust were calculated.Geo-accumulation index of roadside dust for Cr, Cd and Pb were estimated along with ecological risk due to roadsidedust using potential ecological risk index (RI). The analyses of this study suggest that the indices for the Cd metal foundto be of more concern than Cr or Pb which correspond to middle or low level of pollution. Statistical analysis revealedthat the three metals had a weak to moderate relationship with one another indicating multiple and somewhat similarsources of pollution.

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Monitoring and Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals of Urban Soils in Different Functional Areas Based on Plasma Technology

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1217348/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Meng-Ting Jin ◽

Hao Yuan ◽

Quan Xu ◽

Li-Ping Xu ◽

De-Zheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

River Basin ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Content ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Risk Level ◽

Manas River Basin ◽

Functional Areas

Abstract Heavy metal pollution in soil has become a global environmental problem in recent years. This study assessed heavy metals' pollution distribution, level and ecological risk in soils from different functional areas in Shihezi City, China. Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd) were measured using atmospheric pressure discharge plasma and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The mean concentration of all heavy metals in soil was higher than heavy metals' background values. The spatial distribution of Cr is the most different, and the distribution of Cu and Zn are similar in other functional regions. The single pollution index indicated that the heavy metals in industrial, traffic, and residential areas were enriched, and the pollution of Cd was more severe than others. The Nemerow pollution index showed that the near Manas River basin coast is alert (still clean), the industrial area is moderately polluted, and all other functional areas are lightly polluted. The potential ecological risk index demonstrated that only the nearshore Manas River Basin is at a mild ecological risk level, while all other functional areas are at a moderate ecological risk level. The determinate power of DEM, temperature, and precipitation were all over 65%, which meant that the topographic and climatic factors were the main factors affecting the change of heavy metal content. Secondly, socio-economic factors are important factors to promote the change of heavy metal content in soil.

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Source Identification, Ecological Risk and Spatial Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils of Tanjaro Area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.25079/ukhjse.v5n2y2021.pp18-27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 18-27

Author(s):

Hayder Issa ◽

Azad Alshatteri

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Ecological Risk Index

The current work accomplished a comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals pollution in soil of agricultural areas from Tanjaro sub-district, Sulaimaniyah province, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq. Ninety soil samples were collected from thirty different locations. Concentrations of 16 heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES. The pollution index (PI), potential ecological risk index (Er), enrichment factor (EF), and ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess the pollution in soil samples. High levels of Li and Ni, and moderate Ba, Cd, Hg, and Pb according to the results of concentration analysis, pollution index (PI), and potential ecological risk (ERI). High levels of Cd and Hg according to the results of Er. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that heavy metals were generated from different natural and anthropogenic sources like natural weathering, fertilizer application, and transportation. Origins of Hg, Cd, Ni, and Pb are probably from activities like overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, whereas Pb could be exhausted from vehicle exhausts as well. Furthermore, spatial distributions revealed nonpoint source pollution for the studied heavy metals. The obtained results help in the remediation techniques of contaminated soils such as dilution with decontaminated soil or extraction or separation of heavy metals.

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The Contamination Status of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Beng River and the Protection for the Ecological Safety Engineering

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1809 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 1809-1812

Author(s):

Ji Cai Qiu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

River Sediment ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Sediment Pollution ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

Rubber Dam

To find out the heavy metal pollution condition from the Beng River sediment, we see the region from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road Bridge as research object.We monitored and surveyed on the three kinds of metal components (Cu, Zn, Cd) in the sediments from eight sectionsthe. With reference to the relevant domestic standards, we established sediment pollution evaluation criteria suitable for the region., We conducted the evaluation of ecological risk and pollution levels with the detection results by standard index of the potential ecological risk index and Nemerow France France. The results showed that: the heavy metals ecological risk index in Sediment from Beng River Rubber Dam to the Yimeng Road bridge section, Nemerow pollution index was 6.95, It was heavily polluted. This showed that the heavy metals in river sediment pollution was very serious.

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Heavy Metals in Sediment from the Urban and Rural Rivers in Harbin City, Northeast China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4313 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Song Cui ◽

Fuxiang Zhang ◽

Peng Hu ◽

Rupert Hough ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Weight Of Evidence ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Harbin City

The concentrations and ecological risk of six widespread heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb) were investigated and evaluated in sediments from both urban and rural rivers in a northeast city of China. The decreasing trend of the average concentration of heavy metals was Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd in Majiagou River (urban) and was Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd in Yunliang River (rural). The results showed that the concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly elevated compared to the environmental background value (p < 0.05). Half of all sampling locations were deemed ‘contaminated’ as defined by the improved Nemerow pollution index (PN’ > 1.0). Applying the potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated a ‘high ecological risk’ for both rivers, with Cd accounting for more than 80% in both cases. Source apportionment indicated a significant correlation between Cd and Zn in sediments (R = 0.997, p < 0.01) in Yunliang River, suggesting that agricultural activities could be the major sources. Conversely, industrial production, coal burning, natural sources and traffic emissions are likely to be the main pollution sources for heavy metals in Majiagou River. This study has improved our understanding of how human activities, industrial production, and agricultural production influence heavy metal pollution in urban and rural rivers, and it provides a further weight of evidence for the linkages between different pollutants and resulting levels of heavy metals in riverine sediments.

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Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecehs-2-06373 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Risk Index ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

The Impact ◽

Very High

The aim of these investigations was to determine the impact of heavy metals bound with deposited particulate matter (PM) on contamination degree and related toxicological effects by calculating enrichment indices, namely, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and enrichment factor (EF), as well as the ecological risk index (ERI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ). Calculations were made based on the selected element concentrations determined in deposited PM samples in Krakow. The results of the investigations revealed that deposited PM was enriched in heavy metals. As Igeo provides information on the level of metal accumulation, it was found that deposited PM was practically uncontaminated with Be, Cd, and Tl (class 0) but heavily to extremely contaminated (class 5) with Co and Sn and extremely contaminated (class 6) with As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn. On the other hand, the calculated values of CF revealed very high contamination of deposited PM with Cd and Zn, considerable contamination with Sn, Pb, and As, and moderate contamination with Cu and Li. Values of calculated EF revealed that among the investigated elements, only Zn originated from anthropogenic sources. For Cd, a small influence of anthropogenic sources was observed. For Pb and Sn, non-crustal sources of emission were expected. The calculated ERI values indicated potential ecological risk levels that were very high for Cd and considerable for Zn, as well as low potential ecological risk for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. Moreover, the calculated mHQ values of severity of contamination were extreme for Zn, considerable for Cr, and moderate for As, Cu, and Pb. The analysis revealed that the impact of atmospheric and re-suspended PM on inhabitants constitutes a complex effect of a mixture of heavy metals simultaneously affecting human health.

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Soil hygiene indicators of Bayanzurkh district of the capital city and map of distribution of some heavy metals

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v32i1.1602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Erdenetuya Boldbaatar ◽

Sarangerel Jarantaibaatar ◽

Udaakhbayar Jamchin

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Risk Index ◽

Soil Microbiology ◽

Capital City ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Ecological Risk Index ◽

E Coli ◽

Pollution Problem

Heavy metals are natural constituents, but the loss of bio-geochemical balance due to human activities is creating a build-up of toxic forms in the environment, especially in the soil. To determine the level of pollution in the study area, the method of determining the degree of pollution and the ecological risk index developed by Hakansan Yuan and Rahman were used. The survey was conducted in the territory of Bayanzurkh district of the capital city between 2019-2020 and used the values of 66 points of soil hygiene and some heavy metals in the soil. According to the study, the content of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) is high and medium at 1-2 points, while the levels of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) are low. According to the Ecological Risk Index, 66 points out of 5 substances have a risk index of less than 40 or less risk. Soil microbiology showed high levels of contamination by E. coli bacteria and Cl. prefringens. The “ger horoolol” district area becoming main source of microbiological pollution. Improvement of solid waste management and “ger horoolol” area planning is challenging issue to solve a soil pollution problem of Bayanzurh district area. To determine the proportion of the distribution of heavy metals overlapping with functional land use zones, all non-zinc elements were less than 30 mg / kg in residential areas and more than 20 mg / kg in industrial areas. Нийслэлийн Баянзүрх дүүргийн хөрсний эрүүл ахуйн үзүүлэлтүүд ба зарим хүнд металлын бохирдлын дүн Хүнд металлууд байгалийн бүрдэл хэсэг боловч хүний үйл ажиллагааны нөлөөнд био-геохимийн тэнцвэрт байдал нь алдагдсанаар амьдрах орчин, ялангуяа хөрсөнд хортой хэлбэрийн хуримтлал бий болгож байна. Судалгааны талбайн бохирдлын түвшинг илэрхийлэхийн тулд Хакансан Юан, Рахман нарын тодорхойлон гаргаж ирсэн бохирдлын зэрэг, экологийн эрсдлийн индекс тодорхойлох аргыг ашигласан. Судалгаагаа нийслэлийн Баянзүрх дүүргийн нутаг дэвсгэрт 2019-2020 оны хооронд хийгдсэн хөрсний эрүүл ахуй болон хөрсний зарим хүнд металлын 66 цэгийн утгыг ашиглалаа. Судалгаагаар хар тугалга (Pb), зэс (Cu), цайрын (Zn) агууламж бохирдлын зэргийн хувьд 1-2 цэгт бохирдлын хүчин зүйл их болон дунд гэсэн утга гарсан бол никель (Ni), хромын (Cr) хувьд бага түвшинд байна. Харин экологийн эрсдлийн индексээр 5 бодисын 66 цэгийн үзүүлэлтээр эрсдлийн индекс 40-өөс бага буюу эрсдэл багатай гэж гарлаа. Хөрсний микробиологийн дүнгээр E. coli бактер, агааргүйтсэн бичил биетэн Cl. prefringens –ийн бохирдол өндөр гарсан. Баянзүрх дүүргийн хөрсөн дэх нянгийн хэмжээг бууруулах ажлыг хотын гэр хороолол дунд үүссэн хог хаягдлыг цэвэрлэх, нүхэн жорлонгийн нөхцлийг сайжруулах зэргээс эхлэх шаардлагатай байгааг харуулж байна. Хүнд металлын тархалтыг газар ашиглалтын функциональ бүсүүдтэй давхцуулан эзлэх хувийг тодорхойлоход сууцны бүсэд цайраас бусад элемент 30 мг/кг-аас бага, үйлдвэрийн бүсэд хүнд металлууд 20 мг/кг-аас дээш агууламжтай тархсан байна. Түлхүүр үг: хөрсний бохирдол, эрүүл ахуй, газар ашиглалтын бүс, хүнд металь

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Computing the Parametric Geo-Accumulation and Ecological Risk Indices of Some Heavy Metals Along on, Charsadda-Peshawar Road, Pakistan

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ojs.v10i3.319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Fiza Sarwar ◽

Zufishan Anjum ◽

Noor Fatima ◽

Muhammad Jahangir Khan ◽

S. Umair Ullah Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Pollution Assessment ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Sample Collection

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Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 800

Author(s):

Cong Xu ◽

Jie Pu ◽

Bo Wen ◽

Min Xia

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Human Activities ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Risk Index ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Ecological Risk Index

The agricultural soil alongside highways has experienced multiple potential ecological risks from human activities. In this study, 100 soil samples near the highways were collected in Lishui District, Nanjing City. Using the single-factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index, the study investigated the heavy metal contents and distribution in roadside agricultural soil. PCA and a multiple regression model were applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationships between sampling soil heavy metal accumulation and the surrounding man-made landscape. The mean contents of Cu and Pb exceeded the background, while Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than that. The potential ecological risk index exhibited a very low ecological hazard and only Cr in soils rarely showed moderate risk. Furthermore, quantitative analysis for the sources of contamination revealed that agricultural practices were the dominant contributors to the heavy metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, while road and heavy industrial practices contributed to Cr and Pb. The study provides sources of heavy metal pollution from human activities in roadside agricultural land and serves as a reference for ecological restoration.

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