Practical Implications of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 on Hospital Operations, Board Certification, and Medical Education in Surgery in the USA

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between adjustments in parking regulations in major American cities in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus and vehicle thefts. Design/methodology/approach Vehicle theft data from the 25 most populous American cities were collected between 2019 and 2020. Information was also collected on the type, severity and number of changes to parking enforcement regulations made in March and April 2020 in response to the outbreak of the coronavirus in the USA. Findings This analysis shows that the relaxation of parking regulations is associated with a significant increase in the number of vehicle thefts in major metropolitan areas. Research limitations/implications Although this research cannot prove a cause and effect relationship, statistical analysis of the data shows that policy change and vehicle thefts are related variables. Practical implications Guide for future policies-increase awareness; promote safety; promote accountability. Originality/value The comparison of increased vehicle thefts to parking enforcement policies; to policymakers, the general public.

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Multicentre methodological study to create a publicly available score of hospital financial standing in the USA

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e046500

Author(s):

Radoslav Zinoviev ◽

Harlan M Krumholz ◽

Richard Ciccarone ◽

Rick Antle ◽

Howard P Forman

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Credit Rating ◽

Financial Data ◽

Composite Score ◽

Methodological Study ◽

Bond Ratings ◽

Hospital Operations ◽

Initial Dataset ◽

The Usa

ObjectivesTo create a straightforward scoring procedure based on widely available, inexpensive financial data that provides an assessment of the financial health of a hospital.DesignMethodological study.SettingMulticentre study.ParticipantsAll hospitals and health systems reporting the required financial metrics in the USA in 2017 were included for a total of 1075 participants.InterventionsWe examined a list of 232 hospital financial indicators and used existing models and financial literature to select 30 metrics that sufficiently describe hospital operations. In a set of hospital financial data from 2017, we used principal coordinate analysis to assess collinearity among variables and eliminated redundant variables. We isolated 10 unique variables, each assigned a weight equal to the share of its coefficient in a regression onto Moody’s Credit Rating, our predefined gold standard. The sum of weighted variables is a single composite score named the Yale Hospital Financial Score (YHFS).Primary outcome measuresAbility to reproduce both financial trends from a ‘gold-standard’ metric and known associations with non-fiscal data.ResultsThe validity of the YHFS was evaluated by: (1) cross-validating it with previously excluded data; (2) comparing it to existing models and (3) replicating known associations with non-fiscal data. Ten per cent of the initial dataset had been reserved for validation and was not used in creating the model; the YHFS predicts 96.7% of the variation in this reserved sample, demonstrating reproducibility. The YHFS predicts 90.5% and 88.8% of the variation in Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s bond ratings, respectively, supporting its validity. As expected, larger hospitals had higher YHFS scores whereas a greater share of Medicare discharges correlated with lower YHFS scores.ConclusionsWe created a reliable and publicly available composite score of hospital financial stability.

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School performance trajectories and the challenges for principal succession

Journal of Educational Administration ◽

10.1108/jea-12-2012-0139 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 262-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Linda C. Lee

Keyword(s):

Elementary School Principals ◽

Transformational Change ◽

Urban School District ◽

New Principals ◽

New Schools ◽

Principal Succession ◽

Content Type ◽

New Principal ◽

The Usa ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use empirical data on new principals to clarify the connection between different succession situations and the challenges their successor principals face. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on two waves of interview data from a random sample of 16 new elementary school principals in a major urban school district in the USA. Findings – New principals face distinct practice challenges depending on the nature of their successions. The less planned the succession, the less information and knowledge the new principal tends to possess. The more discontinuous the new administration’s trajectory is with the previous administration, the greater the staff resistance that the successor principal tends to face. Research limitations/implications – Few studies systematically examine how succession situations differ in schools that are in need of transformation vs those in need of stability. This study addresses this gap by illuminating the varied processes of succession and highlighting specific mechanisms that link these processes to different organizational trajectories. Practical implications – For district officials, this study suggests that principals in unplanned successions need greater support in quickly gathering information about their new schools while principals in discontinuous successions need greater expertise in how to balance trust-building and accountability in their attempts to promote transformational change. Originality/value – This study’s primary value is its detailed articulation of how certain characteristics of succession situations are associated with specific types of challenges. Only studies at this level of specificity can be effective guides to practitioners and policymakers who are charged with preparing, selecting, and supporting new principals and their schools.

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Implications of divergences in adult protection legislation

The Journal of Adult Protection ◽

10.1108/jap-10-2015-0032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 149-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lorna Montgomery ◽

Janet Anand ◽

Kathryn Mackay ◽

Brian Taylor ◽

Katherine C. Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Elder Abuse ◽

Consensus Model ◽

Content Type ◽

Legal Responses ◽

The Usa ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

The Uk ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Adult Protection

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the similarities and differences of legal responses to older adults who may be at risk of harm or abuse in the UK, Ireland, Australia and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw upon a review of elder abuse and adult protection undertaken on behalf of the commissioner for older people in Northern Ireland. This paper focusses on the desk top mapping of the different legal approaches and draws upon wider literature to frame the discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different legal responses. Findings – Arguments exist both for and against each legal approach. Differences in defining the scope and powers of adult protection legislation in the UK and internationally are highlighted. Research limitations/implications – This review was undertaken in late 2013; while the authors have updated the mapping to take account of subsequent changes, some statutory guidance is not yet available. While the expertise of a group of experienced professionals in the field of adult safeguarding was utilized, it was not feasible to employ a formal survey or consensus model. Practical implications – Some countries have already introduced APL and others are considering doing so. The potential advantages and challenges of introducing APL are highlighted. Social implications – The introduction of legislation may give professionals increased powers to prevent and reduce abuse of adults, but this would also change the dynamic of relationships within families and between families and professionals. Originality/value – This paper provides an accessible discussion of APL across the UK and internationally which to date has been lacking from the literature.

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Reform and innovation: a repeating pattern during a half century of medical education in the USA

Medical Education ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02402.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Constance E Putnam

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Half Century ◽

The Usa ◽

Reform And Innovation

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Practical implications of naloxone knowledge among suburban people who use opioids

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00466-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristin E. Schneider ◽

Glenna J. Urquhart ◽

Saba Rouhani ◽

Ju Nyeong Park ◽

Miles Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Department ◽

Washington Dc ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Baltimore City ◽

The Public ◽

Health Response ◽

The Usa ◽

Practical Implications

Abstract Background Naloxone distribution programs have been a cornerstone of the public health response to the overdose crisis in the USA. Yet people who use opioids (PWUO) continue to face a number of barriers accessing naloxone, including not knowing where it is available. Methods We used data from 173 PWUO from Anne Arundel County, Maryland, which is located between Baltimore City and Washington, DC. We assessed the prevalence of recently (past 6 months) receiving naloxone and currently having naloxone, the type(s) of the naloxone kits received, and the perceived ease/difficultly of accessing naloxone. We also assessed participants knowledge of where naloxone was available in the community. Results One third (35.7%) of participants had recently received naloxone. Most who had received naloxone received two doses (72.1%), nasal naloxone (86.9%), and education about naloxone use (72.1%). Most currently had naloxone in their possession (either on their person or at home; 78.7%). One third (34.4%) believed naloxone was difficult to obtain in their community. Only half (56.7%) knew of multiple locations where they could get naloxone. The health department was the most commonly identified naloxone source (58.0%). Identifying multiple sources of naloxone was associated with being more likely to perceive that naloxone is easy to access. Discussion Our results suggest that additional public health efforts are needed to make PWUO aware of the range of sources of naloxone in their communities in order to ensure easy and continued naloxone access to PWUO.

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Efforts to globalize a national food

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ◽

10.1108/ijchm-03-2015-0151 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 2310-2330 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Seongseop (Sam) Kim ◽

Ja Young Choe ◽

Aejoo Lee

Keyword(s):

Success Factors ◽

Food Services ◽

Korean Culture ◽

Content Type ◽

Strategic Approach ◽

The Usa ◽

Korean Food ◽

Cluster 2 ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Insight Into

Purpose This paper aims to gain insight into the preferences of US customers regarding Korean food, and to categorize these customers according to the reasons for their preferences. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted with a sample of customers in Korean restaurants in the USA. Findings Cluster 1 was a group whose members were attracted to Korean culture; Cluster 2 was a group whose members were passionate about Korean food; Cluster 3 was a group seeking healthy and exotic food; and Cluster 4 was a low-interest group. Each cluster had a different socio-demographic profile, favored a different Korean menu, identified different success factors for Korean restaurants, described different expectations and experiences of Korean restaurants and had different preferences regarding Korean food services. Practical implications Active promotion of Korean food and Korean culture may be appropriate for Cluster 1, while developing a healthy and exotic menu may attract Cluster 3. Maintaining Cluster 2 is deemed important, while a strategic approach is necessary to appeal to Cluster 4. Originality/value This study will contribute theoretically and practically to understanding food globalization, ethnic restaurants and segmentation by preference reasons.

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Large-cap vs small-cap portfolio performance: new empirical evidence from ETFs

Review of Accounting and Finance ◽

10.1108/raf-03-2017-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 71-94

Author(s):

Gerasimos Rompotis

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Portfolio Performance ◽

Exchange Traded Funds ◽

Investment Strategies ◽

Time Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Risk Characteristics ◽

The Usa ◽

First Time ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeA well-documented pattern in the literature concerns the outperformance of small-cap stocks relative to their larger-cap counterparts. This paper aims to address the “small-cap versus large-cap” issue using for the first time data from the exchange traded funds (ETFs) industry.Design/methodology/approachSeveral raw return and risk-adjusted return metrics are estimated over the period 2012-2016.FindingsResults are partially supportive of the “size effect”. In particular, small-cap ETFs outperform large-cap ETFs in overall raw return terms even though they fail the risk test. However, outperformance is not consistent on an annual basis. When risk-adjusted returns are taken into consideration, small-cap ETFs are inferior to their large-cap counterparts.Research limitations/implicationsThis research only covers the ETF market in the USA. However, given the tremendous growth of ETF markets worldwide, a similar examination of the “small vs large capitalization” issue could be conducted with data from other developed ETF markets in Europe and Asia. In such a case, useful comparisons could be made, so that we could conclude whether the findings of the current study are unique and US-specific or whether they could be generalized across the several international ETF markets.Practical implicationsA possible generalization of the findings would entail that profitable investment strategies could be based on the different performance and risk characteristics of small- and large-cap ETFs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the performance of ETFs investing in large-cap stock indicesvis-à-visthe performance of ETFs tracking indices comprised of small-cap stocks.

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Editorial: Practical implications of governance and regulation

Journal of Governance and Regulation ◽

10.22495/jgrv10i2sieditorial ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2, special issue) ◽

pp. 192-194

Author(s):

Branka Mraović

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Good Governance ◽

Special Issue ◽

The Balkans ◽

Regulatory Frameworks ◽

Governance Practices ◽

The Usa ◽

Market Opportunities ◽

Written Word ◽

Practical Implications

The authors of papers in this special issue of the Journal of Governance and Regulation come from different parts of the world such as West and South Africa, South and Southeast Asia, the Middle East, the Balkans, Western Europe, and the USA, and offer interesting, vivid and educational experiences how countries with different economic, political, cultural and regulatory frameworks deal with global challenges, testifying that the universalism of science and good governance practices transcend geopolitical conflicts and divisions. Each of these papers sheds light on some aspect of governance and provides financiers, investors, regulators, scientists, managers, professionals, students, and other interested readers with useful insights into the market opportunities and challenges of developing countries. The practical implications of these academically written papers are supported by a solid research methodology that ensures the credibility of the written word and calls for new empirical verifications.

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Forecasting of COVID-19 Reproduction Number by ARIMA Methodology and Quantile Estimation based on Best Fit Distribution by L- moments for Top-10 Affected Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-471180/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqas ◽

Songhua Xu ◽

Linyun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Reproduction Number ◽

Quantile Estimation ◽

The Usa ◽

L Moments ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Forecasting ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Uk ◽

Health Experts

Abstract We utilized the average weekly estimated reproduction number data of COVID-19 from March (2020–2021). By applying ARIMA and L-moments methodology, short-and-long-term forecasting of R0 is made for Govt. officials and public health experts to take before-time policy measures to control the spread of novel coronavirus. This study helps medical staff to measure the expected demand of COVID-19 vaccine doses. We applied various ARIMA models on each country’s data and the best selected based on RMSE, AIC, and BIC for point and interval forecasting. Application L-Moments techniques selected GLO, GEV, and GNO distributions and quantile estimation with return period calculations. The forecasting shows that maximum countries mean R0 > 1, which is still a serious threat and can lead to heath disaster. The forecasting provided an alarming situation in the coming months for India, France, Turkey, and Spain; health experts should take strict measures because the cases rise due to the high R0 forecast. The USA, Russia, and the UK mean R0 will not suddenly increase; these countries consistent in COVID-19 R0 control. We find that even the significant population differences prevail among selected countries, the R0 is still high in maximum countries, so its a dire need to take strict control actions to minimize the R0 for public safety.

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