Statistical Analysis of the Inclusions in Rare Earth-M (M = Ca and Ti) Treated Steel

AbstractThe microstructures and impact properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in steel treated by rare earth (RE) under different welding processes were discussed. The effect of Al on the impact properties of the HAZ in RE treated steel was analyzed. It finds that when the welding t8/5 is smaller than 111 s, the main microstructure in steels is bainite/widmanstatten. The impact toughness of the HAZ is lower than that of the steel matrix. When t8/5 is more than 250 s, the microstructure is mainly acicular ferrite (AF) in the steel treated by RE, and the impact toughness of HAZ is obviously improved. Even under the welding processing with t8/5 about 600 s in RE treated steel can still obtain a lot of AF. While in the steel killed by Al and treated by RE, the main microstructure is parallel cluster of bainite/widmanstatten, and the impact toughness of HAZ is significantly lower than that of low-Al RE treated steel. Al can deteriorate the optimizing of RE treatment on HAZ.

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Geochemical investigation and statistical analysis on rare earth elements in Lakehsiyah deposit, Bafq district

Journal of African Earth Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 139-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elham Rahimi ◽

Abbas Maghsoudi ◽

Ardeshir Hezarkhani

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Geochemical Investigation

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Statistical analysis of excitation energies in actinide and rare-earth nuclei

Physical Review C ◽

10.1103/physrevc.97.044305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. I. Levon ◽

A. G. Magner ◽

S. V. Radionov

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Excitation Energies ◽

Rare Earth Nuclei

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The distribution of the trace element contents in lignite and ash from Drama lignite deposit, using multivariate statistical analysis

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.17202 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 1255

Author(s):

S. PANILAS ◽

G. HATZIYANNIS

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Major And Trace Elements ◽

Major Elements ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Inorganic Matter

Multivariate statistical analysis was used on existing geochemical data of the Drama lignite deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece. Factor analysis with varimax rotation technique was applied to study the distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements in the lignite and 850°C lignitic ash, to find a small set of factors that could explain most of the geochemical variability. The study showed that major elements AI, Na, Κ, contained in the lignite samples, presented high correlation with most of the trace and rare earth elements. In 850°C lignitic ashes major and trace elements present different redistribution. Only Al remained correlated with the trace elements Co, Cr, Rb, Ta, Th, Ti, Sc and rare earths related with inorganic matter in the lignite beds. Trace elements Fe, Mo, U, V, W, and Lu were associated with organic matter of lignite and had also been affected by the depositional environment.

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Multivariate Statistical Analysis on a SEM/EDS Phase Map of Rare Earth Minerals

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2020/2134516 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chaoyi Teng ◽

Raynald Gauvin

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Nonnegative Matrix ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Rare Earth Minerals ◽

Phase Map

The scanning electron microscope/X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) system is widely applied to rare earth minerals (REMs) to qualitatively describe their mineralogy and quantitatively determine their composition. The performance of multivariate statistical analysis on the EDS raw dataset can enhance the efficiency and the accuracy of phase identification. In this work, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the blind source separation (BSS) algorithms were performed on an EDS map of a REM sample, assisting to achieve an efficient phase map analysis. The PCA significantly denoised the phase map and was used as a preprocessing step for the following BSS. The BSS separated the mixed EDS signals into a set of physically interpretable components, bringing convenience to the phase separation and identification. Through the comparison between the independent component analysis (ICA) and the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithms, the NMF was confirmed to be more suitable for the EDS mapping analysis.

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Recent Progress of Rare Earth Treated Steel in China

JOM ◽

10.1007/bf03258666 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

Jing Sheng Yu ◽

Ji Zhi Chen

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Treated Steel

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Effect of Rare Elements on Corrosion Behavior of SPCC in CSP

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1698 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 1698-1703

Author(s):

Yan Feng Zhou ◽

Wei Jian Qiu ◽

Wei Xiao Li ◽

Jiang Xie

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Grain Refinement ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Electrochemical Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Process ◽

Rust Layer ◽

Rare Elements ◽

Treated Steel ◽

Current Densities

The corrosion process of rare earth (RE) SPCC steel and SPCC steel in CSP in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and polarization curve measurements. The results show that grain refinement can be obtained, the inclusions will be formed, and the electrochemical corrosion of microscopic region is weakened and therefore the corrosion resistance of SPCC steel could be improved by addition of RE. The rust layer of RE treated steel generated in the solution is more compact, the α-FeOOH content in rust layer is higher, and the content of activated γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH is smaller, which are helpful to protect the steel. It also shows that current densities of SPCC steel is lower and the corrosive tendency will decrease with the addition of RE, which also makes the corrosion resistance of steel improved.

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