Distribution of inclusions in rare earth treated steel ingots

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Davies ◽  
M. Randle ◽  
R. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
Steel Ingots

scholarly journals The Microstructure and Property of the Heat Affected zone in C-Mn Steel Treated by Rare Earth

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-ming Song ◽  
Yu-min Xie ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Zheng-liang Xue ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Mn Steel

AbstractThe microstructures and impact properties of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in steel treated by rare earth (RE) under different welding processes were discussed. The effect of Al on the impact properties of the HAZ in RE treated steel was analyzed. It finds that when the welding t8/5 is smaller than 111 s, the main microstructure in steels is bainite/widmanstatten. The impact toughness of the HAZ is lower than that of the steel matrix. When t8/5 is more than 250 s, the microstructure is mainly acicular ferrite (AF) in the steel treated by RE, and the impact toughness of HAZ is obviously improved. Even under the welding processing with t8/5 about 600 s in RE treated steel can still obtain a lot of AF. While in the steel killed by Al and treated by RE, the main microstructure is parallel cluster of bainite/widmanstatten, and the impact toughness of HAZ is significantly lower than that of low-Al RE treated steel. Al can deteriorate the optimizing of RE treatment on HAZ.

scholarly journals A Statistical Analysis on the Complex Inclusions in Rare Earth Element Treated Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-538
Author(s):  
Yang Meng ◽  
Chunlian Yan ◽  
Xiaopeng Yang ◽  
Xinhua Ju
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Treated Steel

scholarly journals Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongpo Wang ◽  
Silu Jiang ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Bin Bai ◽  
Lifeng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Distribution Characteristic ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Steel Ingots ◽  
Peeling Off

Trace element arsenic is detrimental to the quality and properties of steel products. We used lanthanum to modify the distribution of arsenic by the formation of arsenic rare earth inclusions and investigated all inclusions on the full profile of the ingots prepared in the laboratory. The results show that the addition of lanthanum has dramatically influenced the distribution of arsenic in the ingots by the formation of arsenic inclusions. The arsenic inclusions turn out to be mainly the cluster-shaped La-S-As, as well as its composite inclusions combined with LaS and La-As. La-S-As can be considered a solid solution of LaS and LaAs. They distribute mainly at the top surface of the ingots within 3 mm, at the side and bottom surfaces within 1.5 mm, leading to a dramatic decrease of arsenic concentration at the inner part of the ingots. This distribution characteristic of La-S-As can be used to manufacture steel ingots with very low arsenic concentration by peeling off these (La-S-As)-containing layers. On the contrary, the distribution of composite inclusions (La-S-As)-(La-As) and single-phase La-As, is uniform. Except for the reaction with arsenic, lanthanum can also react with phosphorous and antimony to modify the existing state of these trace elements.

Statistical Analysis of the Inclusions in Rare Earth-M (M = Ca and Ti) Treated Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Xie ◽  
Mingming Song ◽  
Bao Wang ◽  
Hangyu Zhu ◽  
Zhengliang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treated Steel

Recent Progress of Rare Earth Treated Steel in China

JOM ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Jing Sheng Yu ◽  
Ji Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Treated Steel

scholarly journals The Effect of Rare Earth Metals Alloying on the Internal Quality of Industrially Produced Heavy Steel Forgings

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5160
Author(s):  
Petr Jonšta ◽  
Zdeněk Jonšta ◽  
Silvie Brožová ◽  
Manuela Ingaldi ◽  
Jacek Pietraszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Steel Forging ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Steel Ingots ◽  
Standard Production ◽  
Grade Steel

The paper presented the findings obtained by industrial research and experimental development on the use of rare earth metals (REMs) in the production of heavy steel ingots and their impact on the internal quality of the 42CrMo4 grade steel forging. REMs alloying was carried out after vacuuming the steel. A relatively large melting loss of cerium (about 50%) and its further decrease in casting due to reoxidation were observed. Refinement of structure and better mechanical properties of forged bar containing about 0.02 wt.% of Ce compared to that of the standard production were not achieved. The wind power shaft with content of about 0.06 wt.% of Ce showed high amount of REM inclusions, which were locally chained, and in some cases, initiated cracks. Four stoichiometrically different types of REM inclusions were detected in forgings, namely (La-Ce)2O2S + (La-Ce)O2 + SiO2 (minority); oxygen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony bound to lanthanum and cerium probably bonded with iron oxides La + Ce, MgO, Al2O3 a SiO2; (La-Ce)2O2S, FeO, SiO2, and CaO or CaS.

Effect of Rare Elements on Corrosion Behavior of SPCC in CSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1698-1703
Author(s):  
Yan Feng Zhou ◽  
Wei Jian Qiu ◽  
Wei Xiao Li ◽  
Jiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Rust Layer ◽  
Rare Elements ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
Current Densities

The corrosion process of rare earth (RE) SPCC steel and SPCC steel in CSP in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and polarization curve measurements. The results show that grain refinement can be obtained, the inclusions will be formed, and the electrochemical corrosion of microscopic region is weakened and therefore the corrosion resistance of SPCC steel could be improved by addition of RE. The rust layer of RE treated steel generated in the solution is more compact, the α-FeOOH content in rust layer is higher, and the content of activated γ-FeOOH and β-FeOOH is smaller, which are helpful to protect the steel. It also shows that current densities of SPCC steel is lower and the corrosive tendency will decrease with the addition of RE, which also makes the corrosion resistance of steel improved.

Characterization of Rare-Earth Fluoride Anti-Stokes Phosphors by Scanning arid Transmission Electron Microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
N. M. P. Low ◽  
L. E. Brosselard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Rare Earth Fluoride ◽  
Earth Fluoride ◽  
Rare Earth Fluorides

There has been considerable interest over the past several years in materials capable of converting infrared radiation to visible light by means of sequential excitation in two or more steps. Several rare-earth trifluorides (LaF3, YF3, GdF3, and LuF3) containing a small amount of other trivalent rare-earth ions (Yb3+ and Er3+, or Ho3+, or Tm3+) have been found to exhibit such phenomenon. The methods of preparation of these rare-earth fluorides in the crystalline solid form generally involve a co-precipitation process and a subsequent solid state reaction at elevated temperatures. This investigation was undertaken to examine the morphological features of both the precipitated and the thermally treated fluoride powders by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy.Rare-earth oxides of stoichiometric composition were dissolved in nitric acid and the mixed rare-earth fluoride was then coprecipitated out as fine granules by the addition of excess hydrofluoric acid. The precipitated rare-earth fluorides were washed with water, separated from the aqueous solution, and oven-dried.

Study of segregation in La1.8Sr0.2CuO4 superconductor by STEM-EDS microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
T. F. Kelly ◽  
P. J. Lee ◽  
E. E. Hellstrom ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Field ◽  
Transport Current ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
New Class ◽  
Ceramic Superconductors ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Eds Microanalysis

Recently there has been much excitement over a new class of high Tc (>30 K) ceramic superconductors of the form A1-xBxCuO4-x, where A is a rare earth and B is from Group II. Unfortunately these materials have only been able to support small transport current densities 1-10 A/cm2. It is very desirable to increase these values by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude for useful high field applications. The reason for these small transport currents is as yet unknown. Evidence has, however, been presented for superconducting clusters on a 50-100 nm scale and on a 1-3 μm scale. We therefore planned a detailed TEM and STEM microanalysis study in order to see whether any evidence for the clusters could be seen.A La1.8Sr0.2Cu04 pellet was cut into 1 mm thick slices from which 3 mm discs were cut. The discs were subsequently mechanically ground to 100 μm total thickness and dimpled to 20 μm thickness at the center.

Microstructural characterization of a cast RENi5-based alloy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1176-1177
Author(s):  
G. M. Micha ◽  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cast Condition

RENi5 (RE: rare earth) based alloys have been extensively evaluated for use as an electrode material for nickel-metal hydride batteries. A variety of alloys have been developed from the prototype intermetallic compound LaNi5. The use of mischmetal as a source of rare earth combined with transition metal and Al substitutions for Ni has caused the evolution of the alloy from a binary compound to one containing eight or more elements. This study evaluated the microstructural features of a complex commercial RENi5 based alloy using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The alloy was evaluated in the as-cast condition. Its chemistry in at. pct. determined by bulk techniques was 12.1 La, 3.2 Ce, 1.5 Pr, 4.9 Nd, 50.2 Ni, 10.4 Co, 5.3 Mn and 2.0 Al. The as-cast material was of low strength, very brittle and contained a multitude of internal cracks. TEM foils could only be prepared by first embedding pieces of the alloy in epoxy.

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