scholarly journals Elevated CO2 offsets the alteration of foliar chemicals (n-icosane, geranyl acetate, and elixene) induced by elevated O3 in three taxa of O3-tolerant eucalypts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Novriyanti ◽  
Qiaozhi Mao ◽  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Yasuyuki Hashidoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Elevated O3

scholarly journals Effects of Combined CO2 and O3 Exposures on Net CO2 Assimilation and Biomass Allocation in Seedlings of the Late-Successional Fagus Crenata

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobita ◽  
Komatsu ◽  
Harayama ◽  
Yazaki ◽  
Kitaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Elevated Co2 And O3

We examined the effects of elevated CO2 and elevated O3 concentrations on net CO2 assimilation and growth of Fagus crenata in a screen-aided free-air concentration-enrichment (FACE) system. Seedlings were exposed to ambient air (control), elevated CO2 (550 µmol mol−1 CO2, +CO2), elevated O3 (double the control, +O3), and the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 (+CO2+O3) for two growing seasons. The responses in light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rates per leaf area (Agrowth-CO2) at each ambient CO2 concentration to the elevated CO2 and/or O3 treatments varied widely with leaf age. In older leaves, Agrowth-CO2 was lower in the presence of +O3 than in untreated controls, but +CO2+O3 treatment had no effect on Agrowth-CO2 compared with the +CO2 treatment. Total plant biomass increased under conditions of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Biomass allocation to roots decreased with elevated CO2 and with elevated O3. Elongation of second-flush shoots also increased in the presence of elevated CO2 and was largest in the +CO2+O3 treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that conditions of elevated CO2 and O3 contribute to enhanced plant growth; reflecting changes in biomass allocation and mitigation of the negative impacts of O3 on net CO2 assimilation.

scholarly journals Metabolite Composition of Paper Birch Buds after Eleven Growing Seasons of Exposure to Elevated CO2 and O3

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Vladimir Ossipov ◽  
Amelie Saunier ◽  
Paula Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Target Concentration ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Paper Birch

Research Highlights: Long-term exposure of paper birch to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) modified metabolite content of over-wintering buds, but no evidence of reduced freezing tolerance was found. Background and Objectives: Atmospheric change may affect the metabolite composition of over-wintering buds and, in turn, impact growth onset and stress tolerance of perennial plant species in spring. Materials and Methods: Low molecular weight compounds of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) buds, including lipophilic, polar and phenolic compounds were analyzed, and freezing tolerance (FT) of the buds was determined prior to bud break after 11 growing seasons exposure of saplings to elevated concentrations of CO2 (target concentration 560 µL L−1) and O3 (target concentration 1.5 × ambient) at the Aspen FACE (Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment) facility. Results: The contents of lipophilic and phenolic compounds (but not polar compounds) were affected by elevated CO2 and elevated O3 in an interactive manner. Elevated O3 reduced the content of lipids and increased that of phenolic compounds under ambient CO2 by reallocating carbon from biosynthesis of terpenoids to that of phenolic acids. In comparison, elevated CO2 had only a minor effect on lipophilic and polar compounds, but it increased the content of phenolic compounds under ambient O3 by increasing the content of phenolic acids, while the content of flavonols was reduced. Conclusions: Based on the freezing test and metabolite data, there was no evidence of altered FT in the over-wintering buds. The impacts of the alterations of bud metabolite contents on the growth and defense responses of birches during early growth in spring need to be uncovered in future experiments.

Elevated CO2 ameliorated oxidative stress induced by elevated O3 in Quercus mongolica

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yan ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guoyou Zhang ◽  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Zhouli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Quercus Mongolica ◽  
Elevated O3

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Seedlings of Japanese White Birch, a Fast-Growing Pioneer Species, to Free-Air Elevated O3 and CO2

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Kitao ◽  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Kenichi Yazaki ◽  
Masabumi Komatsu ◽  
Satoshi Kitaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Plant growth is not solely determined by the net photosynthetic rate (A), but also influenced by the amount of leaves as a photosynthetic apparatus. To evaluate growth responses to CO2 and O3, we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 (550–560 µmol mol−1) and O3 (52 nmol mol−1; 1.7 × ambient O3) on photosynthesis and biomass allocation in seedlings of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) grown in a free-air CO2 and O3 exposure system without any limitation of root growth. Total biomass was enhanced by elevated CO2 but decreased by elevated O3. The ratio of root to shoot (R:S ratio) showed no difference among the treatment combinations, suggesting that neither elevated CO2 nor elevated O3 affected biomass allocation in the leaf. Accordingly, photosynthetic responses to CO2 and O3 might be more important for the growth response of Japanese white birch. Based on A measured under respective growth CO2 conditions, light-saturated A at a light intensity of 1500 µmol m−2 s−1 (A1500) in young leaves (ca. 30 days old) exhibited no enhancement by elevated CO2 in August, suggesting photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2. However, lower A1500 was observed in old leaves (ca. 60 days old) of plants grown under elevated O3 (regulated to be twice ambient O3). Conversely, light-limited A measured under a light intensity of 200 µmol m−2 s−1 (A200) was significantly enhanced by elevated CO2 in young leaves, but suppressed by elevated O3 in old leaves. Decreases in total biomass under elevated O3 might be attributed to accelerated leaf senescence by O3, indicated by the reduced A1500 and A200 in old leaves. Increases in total biomass under elevated CO2 might be attributed to enhanced A under high light intensities, which possibly occurred before the photosynthetic acclimation observed in August, and/or enhanced A under limiting light intensities.

scholarly journals Light Energy Partitioning under Various Environmental Stresses Combined with Elevated CO2 in Three Deciduous Broadleaf Tree Species in Japan

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Kitao ◽  
Hiroyuki Tobita ◽  
Satoshi Kitaoka ◽  
Hisanori Harayama ◽  
Kenichi Yazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Understanding plant response to excessive light energy not consumed by photosynthesis under various environmental stresses, would be important for maintaining biosphere sustainability. Based on previous studies regarding nitrogen (N) limitation, drought in Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica), and elevated O3 in Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) and Konara oak (Q. serrata) under future-coming elevated CO2 concentrations, we newly analyze the fate of absorbed light energy by a leaf, partitioning into photochemical processes, including photosynthesis, photorespiration and regulated and non-regulated, non-photochemical quenchings. No significant increases in the rate of non-regulated non-photochemical quenching (JNO) were observed in plants grown under N limitation, drought and elevated O3 in ambient or elevated CO2. This suggests that the risk of photodamage caused by excessive light energy was not increased by environmental stresses reducing photosynthesis, irrespective of CO2 concentrations. The rate of regulated non-photochemical quenching (JNPQ), which contributes to regulating photoprotective thermal dissipation, could well compensate decreases in the photosynthetic electron transport rate through photosystem II (JPSII) under various environmental stresses, since JNPQ+JPSII was constant across the treatment combinations. It is noteworthy that even decreases in JNO were observed under N limitation and elevated O3, irrespective of CO2 conditions, which may denote a preconditioning-mode adaptive response for protection against further stress. Such an adaptive response may not fully compensate for the negative effects of lethal stress, but may be critical for coping with non-lethal stress and regulating homeostasis. Regarding the three deciduous broadleaf tree species, elevated CO2 appears not to influence the plant responses to environmental stresses from the viewpoint of susceptibility to photodamage.

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