Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivity during inhibitory control in children with ADHD in the antisaccade task

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2450-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernandez-Ruiz ◽  
Rebecca M. Hakvoort Schwerdtfeger ◽  
Nadia Alahyane ◽  
Donald C. Brien ◽  
Brian C. Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

scholarly journals Null Effect of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Behavioral Performance in a Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Tatsunori Watanabe ◽  
Nami Kubo ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Keisuke Yunoki ◽  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), which can modulate cortical excitability, would influence inhibitory control function when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Young healthy adults (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 24.4 ± 4.1, six females) received the following stimulations for 30 min on different days: (1) tSMS over the left DLPFC, (2) tSMS over the right DLPFC, and (3) sham stimulation over either the left or right DLPFC. The participants performed a Go/NoGo task before, immediately after, and 10 min after the stimulation. They were instructed to extend the right wrist in response to target stimuli. We recorded the electromyogram from the right wrist extensor muscles and analyzed erroneous responses (false alarm and missed target detection) and reaction times. As a result, 50% of the participants made erroneous responses, and there were five erroneous responses in total (0.003%). A series of statistical analyses revealed that tSMS did not affect the reaction time. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that tSMS over the DLPFC is incapable of modulating inhibitory control and/or that the cognitive load imposed in this study was insufficient to detect the effect.

scholarly journals Elevated ad libitum alcohol consumption following continuous theta burst stimulation to the left-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is partially mediated by changes in craving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. McNeill ◽  
Rebecca L. Monk ◽  
Adam W. Qureshi ◽  
Stergios Makris ◽  
Valantina Cazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractPrevious research indicates that following alcohol intoxication, activity in prefrontal cortices is reduced, linking to changes in associated cognitive processes, such as inhibitory control, attentional bias (AB), and craving. While these changes have been implicated in alcohol consumption behaviour, it has yet to be fully illuminated how these frontal regions and cognitive processes interact to govern alcohol consumption behaviour. The current preregistered study applied continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to examine directly these relationships while removing the wider pharmacological effects of alcohol. A mixed design was implemented, with cTBS stimulation to right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC) and Vertex, with measures of inhibitory control, AB, and craving taken both pre- and post-stimulation. Ad libitum consumption was measured using a bogus taste task. Results suggest that rDLPFC stimulation impaired inhibitory control but did not significantly increase ad libitum consumption. However, lDLPFC stimulation heightened craving and increased consumption, with findings indicating that changes in craving partially mediated the relationship between cTBS stimulation of prefrontal regions and ad libitum consumption. Medial OFC stimulation and AB findings were inconclusive. Overall, results implicate the left DLPFC in the regulation of craving, which appears to be a prepotent cognitive mechanism by which alcohol consumption is driven and maintained.

scholarly journals Fixation target representation in prefrontal cortex during the antisaccade task

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2152-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Christos Constantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Neurons that discharge strongly during the time period of fixation of a visual target and cease to discharge before saccade initiation have been described in the brain stem, superior colliculus, and cortical areas. In subcortical structures, fixation neurons play a reciprocal role with saccadic neurons during the generation of eye movements. Their role in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is less obvious, and it is not known if they are activated by fixation, inhibit saccade generation, or play a role in more complex functions such as the inhibition of inappropriate responses. We examined the properties of prefrontal fixation neurons in the context of an antisaccade task, which requires an eye movement directed away from a prepotent visual stimulus. We tested monkeys with variants of the task, allowing us to dissociate activity synchronized on the fixation offset, presentation of the visual stimulus, and saccadic onset. Fixation neuron activity latency was most strongly tied to the offset of the fixation point across task variants. It was not well predicted by the appearance of the visual stimulus, which is essential for planning of the correct eye movement and inhibiting inappropriate ones. Activity of fixation neurons was generally negatively correlated with that of saccade neurons; however, critical differences in timing make it unlikely that they provide precisely timed signals for the generation of eye movements. These results demonstrate the role of fixation neurons in the prefrontal cortex during tasks requiring timing of appropriate eye movement and inhibition of inappropriate actions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Properties of neurons that discharge during eye fixation and go silent before saccade initiation have been described in subcortical structures involved in eye movement generation, but their role in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex presents a puzzle. Our results demonstrate the role of fixation neurons in the prefrontal cortex during tasks requiring precise timing of appropriate eye movement and inhibition of inappropriate actions.

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