scholarly journals Changes in sleep schedule and chronotype due to COVID-19 restrictions and home office

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Staller ◽  
Christoph Randler
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Sleep Behaviour ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Sleep Schedule

Abstract Background and objective In this study, we researched the effects of the COVID-19 restriction measures on the sleep health of N = 681 German residents (mean age: 28.63 years, SD: 10.49 years). Methods The data were collected with an anonymous online survey composed of validated questionnaires and additional questions to quantify changed circumstances during the pandemic. Data were collected from May 18 to June 17, 2020, while governmental restrictions were imposed in Germany. We exclusively analysed participants working in home office during this time. Results Participants woke up about 1 hour later during the COVID-19 restriction phase, while going to bed at almost the same time as before. During the week, participants slept about an hour longer, while sleep at weekends did not differ significantly. Social jetlag decreased from 1:39 ± 1:00 to 0:49 ± 0:42 min in our sample. The number of children in the household was a significant factor predicting sleep timing. Participants with children living in the same household slept longer and sleep onset was later. Conclusion In terms of sleep behaviour and, consequently, sleep health, participants benefited from the transition to home office. They were able to adapt their waking and working hours better to their biological rhythm, which reduced social jetlag.

scholarly journals Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Gina Marie Mathew ◽  
David A. Reichenberger ◽  
Lindsay Master ◽  
Orfeu M. Buxton ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Regularity Index ◽  
Social Jetlag

Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.

141 Screen-based activities predict delayed sleep timing within and between adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A58-A58
Author(s):  
David Reichenberger ◽  
Lindsay Master ◽  
Orfeu Buxton ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Screen Use

Abstract Introduction Daytime and evening screen use have been associated with poor sleep health among adolescents, especially delayed sleep timing. However, most studies only investigate associations between adolescents rather than within the same person across multiple nights. Our multilevel modeling approach allows for assessment of connection between screen use and subsequent sleep timing. Methods We analyzed approximately five days of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort (n=475 adolescents, 15.4±0.5 years old). Adolescents wore wrist actigraphy devices and completed daily surveys reporting how many hours across the day they engaged in screen-based activities (e.g., communicating with friends, playing video games) and whether they engaged in screen-based activities in the hour before bed. Screen use was separated into within- and between-person variables predicting sleep onset and midpoint that night. Multilevel models with random intercepts for each sleep outcome adjusted for school days, bedtime routines, adolescent demographics, and family socioeconomic status. Results Within-person results showed that on days when adolescents played video games more than their daily average±SE (79±3 min) sleep onset was delayed (5±2 min, p<0.01) and midpoint was delayed (4±2 min, p<0.03) for each additional hour. Between-person results showed that adolescents who played video games had delayed sleep onset (9±4 min, p<0.02) and midpoint (7±3 min, p<0.04) for each hour spent playing across the day. Adolescents who spent time using screens to communicate with friends had delayed sleep onset (11±3 min, p<0.01) and midpoint (9±3 min, p<0.01) for each hour across the day. Adolescents who were more likely to use screens to communicate with friends or play video games before bed had delayed sleep onset (29±13 min, p<0.03) and midpoint (24±12 min, p<0.05). Other screen-based activities such as watching videos were not associated with sleep timing. Conclusion Daytime and evening screen-based activities may not uniformly delay sleep. Adolescents who engage in social or interactive screen-based activities may delay sleep timing more than day-to-day variation alone. Future research should evaluate how attributes of screen-based socializing and interactivity affect sleep health. Support (if any) R01HD073352 (to LH), R01HD36916, R01HD39135, R01HD40421

scholarly journals Perceived Determinants of Children’s Inadequate Sleep Health. A Concept Mapping Study among Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7315
Author(s):  
Laura S. Belmon ◽  
Fay B. Brasser ◽  
Vincent Busch ◽  
Maartje M. van Stralen ◽  
Irene A. Harmsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Bedtime Routine ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

An increasing number of children experience inadequate sleep, which negatively effects their health. To promote healthy sleep among children, it is essential to understand the underlying determinants. This online concept mapping study therefore explores potential determinants of children’s inadequate sleep as perceived by professionals with expertise in the sleep health of children aged 4–12 years. Participants (n = 27) were divided in three groups: (1) doctors (n = 9); (2) nurses (n = 11); (3) sleep experts (n = 7). Participants generated potential determinants (i.e., ideas) of children’s inadequate sleep. Subsequently, they sorted all ideas by relatedness and rated their importance. These data were analysed using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results of all three groups were combined and validated by an additional group of professionals (n = 16). A large variety of perceived determinants were identified. The most important determinants perceived by all groups belonged to the categories psychosocial determinants (i.e., worrying, a change in daily life), daytime and evening activities (i.e., screen use before bedtime, stimulating game play before bedtime, inadequate amount of daytime physical activity), and pedagogical determinants (i.e., inconsistent sleep schedule, lack of a bedtime routine). These perspectives are valuable for future longitudinal studies on the determinants of children’s sleep and the development of future healthy sleep interventions.

scholarly journals The relationship between chronotype and intelligence: the importance of work timing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter P. Ujma ◽  
Tanja G. Baudson ◽  
Róbert Bódizs ◽  
Martin Dresler
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Determination

AbstractSleep-wake patterns show substantial biological determination, but they are also subject to individual choice and societal pressure. Some evidence suggests that high IQ is associated with later sleep patterns. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between IQ and later sleep is due to biological or social effects, such as the timing of working hours. We investigated the association between habitual sleep timing during work days and work-free days, working time and membership in Mensa, an organization of highly intelligent individuals (IQ  ≥130) using a sample of 1,172 adults split between Mensa members and age- and sex-matched volunteers from a large web-based database. We found no difference in chronotype, and the later sleep timing of Mensa members on work days was fully accounted for by later work start times. Our results indicate that later sleep timing in those with higher IQs is not due to physiological differences, but rather due to later work schedules. Later working times and the resulting lower social jetlag may be one of the reasons why higher IQ is associated with lower prospective morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals 235 Age and Chronotype Associated with Sleep Timing Changes During COVID-19-Related Lockdowns in the US

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A94-A94
Author(s):  
Ryan Bottary ◽  
Eric Fields ◽  
Elizabeth Kensinger ◽  
Tony Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Global lockdowns implemented to reduce spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have offered unique insight into how sleep patterns change when typical social obligations are significantly reduced. Here, we aimed to replicate findings of sleep timing delays and reduced social jetlag during lockdown using a large, regionally-diverse sample of participants from the United States (US). Further, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine if observed sleep changes were associated with age and self-reported chronotype. Methods A sample of 691 US adults (age 18-89) completed the Ultrashort Munich Chronotype Questionnaire twice during the same assessment: once querying retrospective memory for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to February 1, 2020 (Pre-Lockdown) and a second time for sleep patterns in the 6-weeks prior to ~May 20th (Peak-Lockdown in the US). Participants also completed the abbreviated Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess chronotype. We compared sleep duration (SDur), sleep onset time (SO), sleep end time (SEnd), social jetlag (SJL; difference between work-day and free-day sleep midpoint) and social sleep restriction (SSR; difference between work-day and free-day sleep duration) Pre- to Peak-Lockdown. We conducted exploratory analyses to determine whether Pre- to Peak-Lockdown changes in these sleep metrics were associated with age or chronotype. Main analyses were preregistered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/4a3fx). Results During the Peak-Lockdown period, participants, on average, reported significantly later SO and SEnd times and significantly reduced SJL and SSR compared with the Pre-Lockdown period. Change in SJL and SSR Pre- to Peak-Lockdown was significantly positively associated with age and chronotype such that SJL and SSR decreased more during lockdown in younger participants and those with an evening chronotype. Conclusion Our results support lockdown-associated sleep timing delays and reduced SJL and SSR. Younger age and evening chronotype were associated with greater reductions in SJL and SSR during lockdown. These findings suggest that individuals, particularly young individuals and those with an evening chronotype, experience greatest desynchrony between intrinsic and social sleep timing when conforming to typical pre-pandemic social schedules. Support (if any) Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine T32 HL007901 (RB and TJC); Brandeis University NIH NRSA T32 NS007292 (ECF)

Sleep timing and hygiene practices of high bedtime procrastinators: a direct observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-784
Author(s):  
Liwei Zhu ◽  
Dexin Meng ◽  
Xiaohan Ma ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Li Mu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Bedtime procrastination (BP) has been proven to be an important indicator of sleep insufficiency from a psychological perspective. However, the effect of BP on sleep patterns related to sleep deficiency remains unknown. Objective This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of self-reported sleep timing and hygiene practices between high and low-moderate bedtime procrastinators. It also aimed to examine the relationship between these characteristics and high level of BP. Methods A total of 391 Chinese college students were recruited for this study. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, sleep timing variables, the Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (SHPS) and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS). Results High bedtime procrastinators were more likely to have higher SHPS global and subdomain scores (Ps < 0.001). They also were more likely to exhibit later sleep onset, sleep offset and rise time on both weekdays and weekends (Ps < 0.01). The significant independent determinant factors of the prevalence of high BP were: SHPS total score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, P < 0.001], arousal-related behaviour (OR = 1.07, P = 0.007), sleep schedule and timing (OR = 1.12, P < 0.001) and sleep onset on weekdays (OR = 2.65, P < 0.001). Conclusions High bedtime procrastinators showed maladaptive sleep-related variables, which mainly manifested as changes in arousal-related behaviour and sleep schedule and timing, as well as delays in sleep onset time on weekdays. The findings could help guide the formulation of appropriate interventions in primary health care.

scholarly journals 0964 Out Like a Light: Preliminary Results of Parent-Child Dyad Use of an Audio-Based Mobile Application Aiding Bedtime Routine and Sleep Health

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A366-A366
Author(s):  
A Chung ◽  
N Chanko ◽  
J Blanc ◽  
T Donley ◽  
R Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Bedtime Routine ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Introduction Adequate sleep is essential for a child’s growth and development. However, a growing number of children are experiencing trouble falling asleep. Smartphone audio-based mobile applications with soothing melodies and calming nighttime stories may improve sleep onset. Our study examined the efficacy of Moshi Twilight, an app designed to improve sleep onset, among children ages 3-8 years old using a parent-child dyadic approach. Methods Our within-subjects pre-post study design focused on healthy children studied over 10 days, spanning 3 weeknights and 2 weekend nights. During the baseline (Days 1-5) and exposure (Days 6-10) conditions the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire was used to measure children’s sleep behavior. The PROMIS and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess parents’ sleep quality. Parents exposed their child to 1 story per night (15-20 minutes) during the exposured condition. Statistical analysis was based on paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and correlations. Results On average, participating parents were 37 (SD +9.6) year-old mothers. The sample was: 60% Black; 20% White, 20% other race/ethnicity. On average, children were 4 (SD + 0.78) years old and 50% male. Paired t-tests showed significant differences in children’s sleep onset within 20 minutes (t=2.582, 95% CI 0.116, 2.634, p= 0.036). Significant correlations were noted for children’s bedtime consistency (r = -0.755, p = 0.030), falling asleep in own bed (r = 0.735, p=0.015) and sleep duration (r = -0.715, p=0.046,) Significant correlations and paired t-test in parents’ sleep onset were also found (r = 0.744, p = 0.014); (mean= -1.2, t= -3.674, 95% CI -1.939, -0.461, p=0.005) Conclusion Our results showed that the audio-based sleep app, Moshi Twilight, might be useful in improving sleep health among both children and parents. This could be included in enhance bedtime routine among preschool-aged children. Support Bezos Grant and Community Service Plan grant.

scholarly journals Sleep time, social jetlag and intelligence: biology or work timing?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter P. Ujma ◽  
Tanja G. Baudson ◽  
Róbert Bódizs ◽  
Martin Dresler
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Flexible Work Schedules ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSleep-wake patterns show substantial biological determination, but they are also subject to individual choice and societal pressure. Some evidence suggests that high IQ is associated with later sleep patterns. However, t is therefore unclear whether the relationship between IQ and later sleep is due to biological or social effects, such as timing and flexibility of working hours. We investigated the association between habitual sleep timing during work days and work-free days, working time and intelligence in a sample of 1,172 adults. We found no difference in chronotype, and the later sleep timing of high-IQ individuals on work days was fully accounted for by later work start times.Our results indicate that later sleep timing in those with higher IQs is not due to physiological differences, but rather due to later or more flexible work schedules. Later working times and the resulting lower social jetlag may be one of the reasons why higher IQ is associated with lower prospective morbidity and mortality.Statement of significanceSome evidence shows that higher intelligence is associated with sleep characteristics, but it is unclear if this is because of biological or social mechanisms. We provide evidence for a social mechanism. We found that high IQ individuals indeed sleep later, but only on working days, and this difference is fully accounted for by later work timing. Our evidence is consistent with a view that highly intelligent individuals sleep later because they can afford to, consequently experience lower social jetlag, and this may partially account for better health outcomes.

Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Kacem Abdelhadi ◽  
Houar Abdelatif ◽  
Zerf Mohamed ◽  
Bengoua Ali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.

scholarly journals Meal and Sleep Timing before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Anonymous Survey Study from Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Christian Benedict ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Mateus Brandão ◽  
Ilona Merikanto ◽  
Markku Partinen ◽  
Bjørn Bjorvatn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, such as stay-at-home-orders, have significantly altered daily routines and lifestyles. Given their importance for metabolic health, we herein compared sleep and meal timing parameters during vs. before the COVID-19 pandemic based on subjective recall, in an anonymous Swedish survey. Among 191 adults (mean age: 47 years; 77.5% females), we show that social jetlag, i.e., the mismatch in sleep midpoint between work and free days, was reduced by about 17 min during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic state (p < 0.001). Concomitantly, respondents’ sleep midpoint was shifted toward morning hours during workdays (p < 0.001). A later daily eating midpoint accompanied the shift in sleep timing (p = 0.001). This effect was mainly driven by a later scheduled first meal (p < 0.001). No difference in the timing of the day’s last meal was found (p = 0.814). Although our survey was limited in terms of sample size and by being cross-sectional, our results suggest that the delay in sleep timing due to the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a corresponding shift in the timing of early but not late meals.

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