Severe Plastic Deformation of Commercial Pure Titanium (CP-Ti) for Biomedical Applications: A Brief Review

JOM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mahmoodian ◽  
N. Syahira M. Annuar ◽  
Ghader Faraji ◽  
Nadia Dayana Bahar ◽  
Bushroa Abd Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercial Pure Titanium ◽  
Cp Ti

Pack Cementation Treatment of Titanium Using Tetracalcium Phosphate Powder for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2172-2175
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Ueda ◽  
Hajime Suto ◽  
Kaori Nakaie ◽  
Takayuki Narushima
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Pack Cementation ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Powder ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Cp Ti

The surface modification of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) by pack cementation treatment at 973 K using tetracalcium phosphate (Ca4(PO4)2O, TTCP) slurry was investigated. An HAp phase and a CaTiO3 phase were observed on the reaction layer of the CP Ti substrate after pack cementation treatment at 973 K for 86.4 ks. TTCP powder decomposed to HAp and CaO, and CaO reacted with TiO2 to form CaTiO3. The reaction layer on the CP Ti substrate consisted of inner and outer layers and the particles were in the outer reaction layer. The pores observed on the reaction layer were formed by the detachment of particles from the outer layer. The bonding strength of the reaction layer was 68.1 MPa. Apatite completely covered the surface of the pack-cementation-treated CP Ti after immersion in Kokubo solution for 21.6 ks; such rapid apatite formation suggests that pack cementation treatment improves the biocompatibility of titanium.

The Effect of Strain Rate on the Plastic Deformation Mode of CP-Ti during Surface Nanocrystallization

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Chun Huan Chen ◽  
Cheng Jin ◽  
Rui Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Nanocrystallization ◽  
Cp Ti

The effect of the strain rate on the surface nanocrystallization of titanium is investigated both theoretically and experimentally in this paper. The strain rate variation and stress distribution from surface to the interior of titanium during shot peening are estimated firstly using finite element method. Then shot peening experiment is carried out on a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) plate, and the obtained surface microstructures is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Combining theoretical simulations and experimental observations, the effect of strain rate on the strain accommodation mechanism and plastic deformation mode are discussed. It is concluded that the strain rate and stress achieve the highest at the top surface layer of CP-Ti, and the strain rate decrease dramatically from the surface to the interior. The strain rate at the top surface layer is up to 104 s-1, which leads to superplastic deformation of Ti. There is no mechanical twin in the surface layer, instead, deformation lamella and adiabatic shear bands are the dominating microstructures. By means of rotation recrystallization, those deformation bands evolve to nanocrystallines.

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF PURE TITANIUM AFTER SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
V.V. Berezovsky ◽  
◽  
O.K. Bazaleeva ◽  
V.S. Kalashnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Pure Titanium

Effect of Container on the Microstructure and Properties of Powder Metallurgy TiAl Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 604-609
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Zheng Guan Lu ◽  
Rui Peng Guo ◽  
Yu You Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tial Alloy ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Commercial Pure Titanium ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Cp Ti

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.15B was prepared by a gas atomization process and powder metallurgy (PM) γ-TiAl alloys were made through a hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) route. The atomized powders were canned in containers, degassed, sealed, and HIPed. Effect of two different canning materials (mild steel and commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti)) on the microstructure and properties of as-HIPed γ-TiAl alloy were discussed. Due to the reaction between mild steel containers and γ-TiAl at relative high temperature (over 1230 °C), the γ-TiAl matrix is contaminated. CP-Ti canned γ-TiAl showed bigger yield and fracture strength than mild steel canned TiAl. PM γ-TiAl alloy parts having complex shape could be manufactured by the near net-shape process.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Dwell Time on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of CP-Ti

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Yi Su ◽  
Chang-Yu Zhou ◽  
Lei Lu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Peng-Yan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
High Load ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Commercial Pure Titanium ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Cp Ti

In this paper, the effects of temperature and dwell time on the Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) behavior of commercial pure titanium were studied under high and low load ratios. Besides, combined with the fracture surface morphology, the specific characteristics of FCG were analyzed under pure fatigue and dwell fatigue conditions. The experiment results show that the FCG rate of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) increases with the temperature under low load ratio, and the dwell time increases the FCG rate. Also, the enhancement of the dwell time increases as the temperature rises. The dwell effect tends to be saturated when the temperature rises to 200 °C. Under high load ratio, the FCG rate of CP-Ti also exhibits a temperature-sensitive enhancement. The enhancement effect of the dwell time on the FCG rate under high load ratio is more significant. However, the effect of the hold time on the FCG rate does not increase at 300 °C. The da/dN–ΔK/E FCG curves for CP-Ti have a tendency to approach each other under different load ratios, which indicates that the E-modulus is an important factor for the difference. The effect of dwell time on the FCG behavior of CP-Ti is dominated by the creep deformation mechanism under different load ratios from room temperature to 300 °C. At the same time, the oxidation effect gradually becomes significant as the load ratio increases to 300 °C. The fracture surface morphology shows that the secondary cracks and the roughness increase with temperature or dwell time under low load ratio condition, while, under high load ratio, the effect of creep deformation on the FCG behavior is more obviously enhanced, and plastic deformation is gradually significant with increase of the dimples.

Analysis of the Grain Refinement Mechanism for Commercial Pure Titanium by ECAP and SMAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei He ◽  
Shan Shan Zhu ◽  
Cong Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Commercial Pure Titanium ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Refinement Mechanism ◽  
Cp Ti

Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and Surface Mechanical Attrition (SMAT) are the two Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes that have been used to process ultrafine grained (UFG) materials. These two kinds of processes have been used to refine the grain size of coarse-grained commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti). The development of microstructure during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and surface mechanical attrition (SMAT) of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) is investigated to establish the mechanisms of grain refinement. Based on the various experimental results and analysis, it has been found that the high-strain-rate and many direction loading is conducive to the formation of nanograins and also the grains with less than 100 nm cannot be obtained by the single equal channel angular pressing (ECAP).

Texture Analysis of Commercial Pure (Grade 3) Ti after Two-Step Severe Plastic Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Chao Ying Xie ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Xiao Gang Sun ◽  
Xiao Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Pure Grade ◽  
Schmid Factor ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Cp Ti

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercial pure (CP, grade 3) Ti was produced by two-step severe plastic deformation (eight-pass equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at 400 °C and cold rolling (CR) at room temperature (RT)). The crystallographic texture in UFG CP-Ti and coarse-grained (CG) CP-Ti (annealed) after CR at RT are studied by orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, based on X-ray diffraction. The relationship between the texture components and mechanical properties of UFG CP-Ti after two-step severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been discussed. ODF analysis shows that the main texture components in UFG Ti after CR at RT are (011—5)[11— 01], (011—5)[22—01], (0001)[1—3—43] and (011—3)[21—1—1], while the texture components of (011—3)[1—101—] and (011— 3)[2— 201] appear in CG CP-Ti after CR at RT. The values of Schmid factor for prismatic-<a> slip systems are larger than that for basal<a> slip systems and other slip systems, which is more in favor of the activation of prismatic-<a>. In addition, higher strength of texture in favor of the activation of prismatic-<a> in UFG CP-Ti improves its plasticity.

scholarly journals Erosion Corrosion Behavior of Nanostructure Commercial Pure Titanium in Simulated Body Fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
F. Djavanroodi ◽  
Osama M. Irfan ◽  
Fahad A. Al-Mufadi
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Torsion Test ◽  
Commercial Pure Titanium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
Sever Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cp Ti

To date, ECAP technique have been successfully employed to produce Ultra-fine/Nanostructure grain materials, but some materials such as hexagonal closed-packed (HCP) alloys are difficult to process by ECAP at room temperature. In this work, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vickers hardness test and Torsion test were employed to confirm the attainment of ultrafine/nanostructured grain (UFG/NSG) commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) Titanium fabricated by ECAP as a sever plastic deformation process. The samples were pressed by ECAP (route BC) up to four passes at elevated temperature (400° C). Finally, the Erosion-Corrosion (E-C) behavior of ultrafine/nanostructured grain (UFG/NSG) Titanium in a simulated body fluid were investigated through weight loss measurement.

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