Vitamin D Deficiency and its Role in Muscle-Bone Interactions in the Elderly

AbstractAnemia and vitamin D deficiency are conditions that both result in significant morbidity and increase with age. The potential relationship between them remains poorly understood, particularly in the elderly. We used the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the association of vitamin D deficiency with anemia subtypes in persons aged ≥ 60 years. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels < 20 ng/mL, and anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with anemia prevalence independent of age, sex, or race/ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.05; P = .02) and varied significantly by anemia subtype (P overall = .003). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 33.3% in the nonanemic population, 56% in anemia of inflammation (AI; P = .008), and 33.0% in unexplained anemia (P = .55). Non-Hispanic blacks had a 7-fold increased risk of AI compared with whites, and this was partially attenuated after adjusting for vitamin D deficiency. These data show that vitamin D deficiency is associated with specific subtypes of anemia in the elderly, especially in those with AI. Vitamin D may suppress inflammatory pathways, and studies to determine whether vitamin D supplementation ameliorates AI are warranted.

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Does vitamin D deficiency increase orthostatic hypotension risk in the elderly patients?

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.archger.2014.03.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Pinar Soysal ◽

Adnan Yay ◽

Ahmet Turan Isik

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Orthostatic Hypotension ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The Elderly

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Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1838 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maša Hribar ◽

Hristo Hristov ◽

Matej Gregorič ◽

Urška Blaznik ◽

Katja Zaletel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Vitamin D Status

Several studies conducted around the world showed substantial vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among different population groups. Sources of vitamin D in the human body include ultraviolet B (UVB)-light-induced biosynthesis and dietary intake, but people’s diets are often poor in vitamin D. Furthermore, in many regions, sun exposure and the intensity of UVB irradiation during wintertime are not sufficient for vitamin D biosynthesis. In Slovenia, epidemiological data about vitamin D status in the population were investigated through a national Nutrihealth study—an extension to the national dietary survey SI.Menu (2017/18). The study was conducted on a representative sample of 125 adult (18–64 years) and 155 elderly (65–74 years old) subjects, enrolled in the study in different seasons. Their vitamin D status was determined by measuring the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 25(OH)D levels below 30 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Altogether, 24.9% of the adults and 23.5% of the elderly were found to be vitamin D deficient, while an insufficient status was found in 58.2% and 62.9%, respectively. A particularly concerning situation was observed during extended wintertime (November–April); vitamin D deficiency was found in 40.8% and 34.6%, and insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 81.6% and 78.8%, respectively. The results of the study showed high seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D levels in both the adult and elderly population, with deficiency being especially pronounced during wintertime. The prevalence of this deficiency in Slovenia is among the highest in Europe and poses a possible public health risk that needs to be addressed with appropriate recommendations and/or policy interventions.

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The Effects and Interactions of Vitamin D Deficiency, Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone on Physical Concerns in the Elderly: A Review

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy ◽

10.1519/00139143-200404000-00005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Karen Friel

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The Elderly

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Musculoskeletal Function in the Elderly

Strength and Conditioning Journal ◽

10.1519/ssc.0000000000000115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Cristina Capatina ◽

Mara Carsote ◽

Catalina Poiana ◽

Mihai Berteanu

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The Elderly ◽

Musculoskeletal Function

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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25(OH)D levels and blood pressure in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.24623.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 633

Author(s):

Farapti Farapti ◽

Chusnul Fadilla ◽

Niwanda Yogiswara ◽

Merryana Adriani

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Control Groups ◽

Elderly Age ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

And Control

Background: Hypertension and vitamin D deficiency are prevalent among the elderly. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and blood pressure (BP) in the elderly (age > 60 years). Methods: Randomized controlled trials from electronic databases on the elderly taking oral vitamin D, until the end of March 2019, were selected. Two reviewers independently screened the literature on the basis of specific inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were serum 25(OH)D level, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) changes. Results: Our analysis revealed significant differences in serum 25(OH)D level changes between the vitamin D and control groups (mean difference [MD] = 13.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.21–17.47; P < 0.000). There were no significant differences in SBP and DBP changes between the vitamin D and control groups. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in SBP changes between the hypertensive and vitamin D-deficient subgroups (MD = –4.01; 95% CI = –7.45 to –0.57; P = 0.02 and MD = –1.91; 95% CI = –3.48 to –0.34; P = 0.02, respectively), and DBP changes only in the hypertensive subgroup (MD = –2.22; 95% CI = –4.1 to –0.34; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation significantly increases 25(OH)D levels and seems beneficial in lowering BP, specifically in the elderly with elevated BP and vitamin D deficiency.

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Role of Vitamin D3 in fracture union in adults

IP International Journal of Orthopaedic Rheumatology ◽

10.18231/j.ijor.2021.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Arunabh Arora ◽

Amrit Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The Elderly ◽

Fracture Union ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Fractures play an important role in morbidity and often premature mobility among the elderly population. Because inactivity as a result of a fracture is harmful both to bone healing and health, it appears early or rapid fracture healing would be highly recommendable for returning fracture patients to come back to normal as soon as possible with minimal side effects. The literature remains unclear regarding supplementation required for promoting bone healing in fracture cases. Hereby we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of vitamin D3 supplementation in fracture cases along with the quantitative analysis of vitamin D3 at the time of fracture and after fracture union.: A total of 200 patients were assessed clinically, biochemically (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum vitamin D3, and serum parathormone), and radiologically. All patients who satisfy inclusion criteria are followed up and vitamin D3 levels were measured up within 1 day of fracture and at the interval of 6 months after the orthopaedic intervention. The outcomes were monitored by the 5 points radiographic scoring system by Warden et al. With the majority of patients falling under the vitamin insufficiency group i.e. 53% of all patients were found to be vitamin insufficient at the time of fracture. 33% of patients found to be vitamin D deficient while 14% found to be insufficient stage. No patient was found to be in a toxicity state. According to Warden’s scoring., 50% of patients were in grade 3, 15% in grade 4, 33% in grade 2, and only 2% in grade 1. Regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in the general population, this study shows an alarming rate of vitamin D insufficient patients in a group of 200 patients, which indicates the need for attention towards vitamin D status not only for bone-related issues but for other issues related to vitamin D deficiency.

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Vitamin D Intake in Slovenian Adolescents, Adults, and the Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103528 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3528

Author(s):

Maša Hribar ◽

Hristo Hristov ◽

Živa Lavriša ◽

Barbara Koroušić Seljak ◽

Matej Gregorič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

The Elderly ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin D Intake ◽

Study Results ◽

Using Data ◽

Dietary Vitamin D

Vitamin D is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and is vital for numerous bodily functions. In the absence of sufficient UV-B light-induced skin biosynthesis, dietary intake becomes the most important source of vitamin D. In the absence of biosynthesis, the recommended dietary vitamin D intake is 10–20 µg/day. Major contributors to dietary vitamin D intake are the few foods naturally containing vitamin D (i.e., fish), enriched foods, and supplements. The present study aimed to estimate the vitamin D intake in Slovenia, to identify food groups that notably contribute to vitamin D intake, and to predict the effects of hypothetical mandatory milk fortification. This study was conducted using data collected by the national cross-sectional food consumption survey (SI.Menu) in adolescents (n = 468; 10–17 years), adults (n = 364; 18–64 years), and the elderly (n = 416; 65–74 years). Data collection was carried out between March 2017 and April 2018 using the EU Menu Methodology, which included two 24-hour recalls, and a food propensity questionnaire. Very low vitamin D intakes were found; many did not even meet the threshold for very low vitamin D intake (2.5 µg/day). Mean daily vitamin D intake was 2.7, 2.9, and 2.5 µg in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, respectively. Daily energy intake was found to be a significant predictor of vitamin D intake in all population groups. In adolescents and adults, sex was also found to be a significant predictor, with higher vitamin D intake in males. The study results explained the previously reported high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovenia. An efficient policy approach is required to address the risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in vulnerable populations.

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