Using species-specific repeat and PCR–RFLP in typing of DNA derived from blood of human and animal species

ABSTRACT The hybridization is a widely-discussed issue in several studies with fish species. For some authors, hybridization may be related with diversification and speciation of several groups, or also with the extinction of populations or species. Difficulties to differentiate species and hybrids may be a problem to correctly apply a management of wild species, because hybrid lineages, especially the advanced ones, may resemble the parental species. The genus Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 1801 constitutes an interesting experimental model, considering that hybridization and taxonomic uncertainties hinder a correct identification. Considering these problems, in this study, we developed genetic methodologies and applied meristic and morphometric approaches in wild samples in order to identify species and for test a possible hybridization between Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 and Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006. For this, C. kelberi, C. piquiti and potential hybrid ( carijó) individuals were collected in Paraná and Tietê rivers (SP, Brazil). For meristic and morphometric methods, the individuals were analyzed using the statistical software Pcord 5:31, while for molecular methods, primers for PCR-multiplex were designed and enzyme for PCR-RFLP were selected, under the species-specific nucleotide. All results indicated that the carijó is not an interspecific hybrid, because it presented identical genetic pattern and morphology closed to C. piquiti. Thus, we propose that carijó is a C. piquiti morphotype. In addition, this study promotes a new molecular tool that could be used in future research, monitoring and management programs of the genus Cichla.

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Species-Specific Knowledge About the Environment: A Biophilosophical View

Revista Eletrônica Informação e Cognição (Cessada) ◽

10.36311/1807-8281.1999.v1n1.704 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alfredo Pereira Junior

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Specific Knowledge ◽

Animal Brain ◽

The World ◽

Von Uexküll ◽

Species Specific

The biological work of Jacob von Uexkull (1934) raised an hypothesis that different animal species living in the same environment would have different knowledge about it. He suggested that each species perceives the world according to the structure of their effectors. In this essay I discuss mechanisms in the animal brain possibly responsible for the "embodied" or "pragmatic" character of cognition.

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Evolution of species-specific major seminal fluid proteins in placental mammals by gene death and positive selection

Contributions to Zoology ◽

10.1163/18759866-08403003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 217-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camille Meslin ◽

Michel Laurin ◽

Isabelle Callebaut ◽

Xavier Druart ◽

Philippe Monget

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Positive Selection ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Animal Species ◽

Seminal Fluid ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Secreted Proteins ◽

Seminal Fluid Proteins ◽

Species Specific ◽

Complex Substance

The seminal fluid is a complex substance composed of a variety of secreted proteins and has been shown to play an important role in the fertilisation process in mammals and also in Drosophila. Several genes under positive selection have been documented in some rodents and primates. Our study documents this phenomenon in several other mammalian taxa. We study the evolution of genes that encode for 20 proteins that are quantitatively predominant in the seminal fluid of at least one out of seven domestic animal species. We analyse the amino acid composition of these proteins for positive selection and for the presence of pseudogenes. Genes that disappeared through pseudogenisation include KLK2 in cattle, horse and mice. Traces of positive selection are found in seven genes. The identified amino acids are located in regions exposed to the protein surface, suggesting a role in the interaction of gametes, with possible impact on the process of speciation. Moreover, we found no evidence that the predominance of proteins in seminal fluid and their mode of evolution are correlated, and the uncoupled patterns of change suggest that this result is not due solely to lack of statistical power.

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Cloth-Based Hybridization Array System for Expanded Identification of the Animal Species Origin of Derived Materials in Feeds

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2900 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 2900-2905 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JOHANNA MURPHY ◽

JENNIFER ARMOUR ◽

BURTON W. BLAIS

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Animal Species ◽

Specific Detection ◽

Animal Feeds ◽

Species Origin ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Species Specific ◽

Immunoenzymatic Assay

A cloth-based hybridization array system (CHAS) previously developed for the detection of animal species for which prohibited materials have been specified (cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer) has been expanded to include the detection of animal species for which there are no prohibitions (pig and horse) in Canadian and American animal feeds. Animal species were identified by amplification of mitochondrial DNA sequences by PCR and subsequent hybridization of the amplicons with an array of species-specific oligonucleotide capture probes immobilized on a polyester cloth support, followed by an immunoenzymatic assay of the bound PCR products. The CHAS permitted sensitive and specific detection of meat meals from different animal species blended in a grain-based feed and should provide a useful adjunct to microscopic examination for the identification of prohibited materials in animal feeds.

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Serological Identification of Animal Species of Meat Using Species-Specific Anti-Serum Albumin Antibodies Obtained by Immunoadsorbent Chromatography

The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.1292/jvms1939.40.663 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 663-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tsuneo KAMIYAMA ◽

Yasuji KATSUBE ◽

Kiyoshi IMAIZUMI

Keyword(s):

Serum Albumin ◽

Animal Species ◽

Serological Identification ◽

Species Specific

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PCR-based genetic identification of marlin and other billfish

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf98007 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 383 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

B. H. Innes ◽

P. M. Grewe ◽

R. D. Ward

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Genetic Test ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Restriction Enzymes ◽

Genetic Identification ◽

Dna Molecule ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

D Loop ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Species Specific

A genetic test was developed for the identification of the six species of billfish found in Australian waters (black marlin, Indo–Pacific blue marlin, striped marlin, Indo–Pacific sailfish, shortbill spearfish and broadbill swordfish). The test was based on the PCR–RFLP analysis of a 1400 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the d-loop, using four restriction enzymes (Hinf I, Rsa I and Sau3A I andTaq I). A total of 33 composite haplotypes were observed among 160 fish; all were species-specific. Three of the species—black marlin, striped marlin and broadbill swordfish—showed sufficient intra-specific variation to be useful in population structure analyses.

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A PCR Method That Can Be Further Developed into PCR-RFLP Assay for Eight Animal Species Identification

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/5890140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Feng Guan ◽

Yu-Ting Jin ◽

Jin Zhao ◽

Ai-Chun Xu ◽

Yuan-Yuan Luo

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Animal Species ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Universal Primer ◽

Routine Identification ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Fast Processing ◽

Rflp Assay

There are many PCR-based methods for animal species identification; however, their detection numbers are limited or could not identify unknown species. We set out to solve this problem by developing a universal primer PCR assay for simultaneous identification of eight animal species, including goat, sheep, deer, buffalo, cattle, yak, pig, and camel. In this assay, the variable lengths of mitochondrial DNA were amplified using a pair of universal primers. PCR amplifications yielded 760 bp, 737 bp, 537 bp, 486 bp, 481 bp, 464 bp, 429 bp, and 359 bp length fragments for goat, sheep, deer, buffalo, cattle, yak, pig, and camel, respectively. This primer pair had no cross-reaction with other common domestic animals and fish. The limit of detection varied from 0.01 to 0.05 ng of genomic DNA for eight animal species in a 20 µl PCR mixture. Each PCR product could be further digested into fragments with variable sizes and qualitative analysis by SspI restriction enzyme. This developed PCR-RFLP assay was sufficient to distinguish all targeted species. Compared with the previous published related methods, this approach is simple, with high throughput, fast processing rates, and more cost-effective for routine identification of meat in foodstuffs.

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Safety Pharmacology Screening: Practical Problems in Drug Development

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/109158197227350 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 41-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lawrence I. Mortin ◽

Christopher J. Horvath ◽

Michael S. Wyand

Keyword(s):

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Animal Species ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Large Animal ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

General Pharmacology ◽

Pharmacologic Effect ◽

Immunologic Diseases ◽

Species Specific

Undesired pharmacologic activities of novel drugs or biologies may limit development of a therapeutic prior to the characterization of any toxicologic effects. In rodent species, general pharmacology assays have traditionally been used to screen new agents for pharmacologic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, the autonomic nervous system and smooth muscles, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, the digestive system, and the physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte balance. In large animal species, such as dogs and nonhuman primates, smaller numbers of animals per study limit their use for screening assays, but these species may play an important role in more detailed mechanistic studies. For drugs and biologies that must be tested in nonhuman primates because of species-specific action of the test agent, functional pharmacologic data are often collected during acute or subacute toxicity studies. This requires careful experimental design to minimize any impact pharmacologic effects or instrumentation may have on the assessment of toxicity. In addition, with many new therapies targeted at immunologic diseases, the pharmacologic effect of therapeutics on the immune system presents new challenges for pharmacologic profiling. The application of pharmacology assays by organ system in both rodent and large animal species are discussed, as well as practical issues in assessing pharmacology endpoints in the context of toxicity studies.

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PCR-based molecular discrimination betweenMaritrema eroliaeandProbolocoryphe uca(Digenea: Microphallidae) in Kuwait Bay

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x12000892 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182

Author(s):

W.Y. Al-Kandari ◽

S.A. Al-Bustan ◽

M. Alnaqeeb ◽

A.M. Isaac

Keyword(s):

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Direct Pcr ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Kuwait Bay ◽

Future Studies ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Marine Snails ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Species Specific

AbstractMicrophallid trematodes are common parasites in marine snails and crustacean hosts at Kuwait Bay. The larval stages of two microphallids,Maritrema eroliaeandProbolocoryphe uca, are difficult to differentiate morphologically. In this study, two PCR-based techniques were established for quick and accurate discrimination between the larval stages of the two microphallid species, employing restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and species-specific primers. Both techniques utilized nucleotide differences in the second internal transcribed region (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the two species. For the PCR-RFLP technique, restriction enzymeAvaII was selected and it generated different restriction profiles among the two microphallids. In addition, species-specific primers were prepared for each microphallid species that amplified distinctive fragments. Both techniques showed that the larval stages of the two microphallid species can be identified accurately. However, direct PCR amplification using species-specific primers was more advantageous than the PCR-RFLP technique since it allowed rapid and specific discrimination between the two species. This technique provides a useful tool that can be used in future studies for the study of the distribution of microphallid species and their definitive hosts at different localities of Kuwait Bay.

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