scholarly journals Correction to: Response to “Pay Attention to Blood Pressure and Oxygen Supply for Neurocritically Ill Patients: Each Pathology Deserves a Specific Treatment”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Humaloja ◽  
Erik Litonius ◽  
Markus B. Skrifvars
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Specific Treatment

Pay Attention to Blood Pressure and Oxygen Supply for Neurocritically Ill Patients: Each Pathology Deserves a Specific Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Schmitt ◽  
Philippe Aries ◽  
Marc Danguy Des Deserts ◽  
Chloé Thill ◽  
Christophe Giacardi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Specific Treatment

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Reflexes Activity and Their Interaction during Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Crisafulli ◽  
Elisabetta Marongiu ◽  
Shigehiko Ogoh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Functional Sympatholysis ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
By Products

Cardiac output and arterial blood pressure increase during dynamic exercise notwithstanding the exercise-induced vasodilation due to functional sympatholysis. These cardiovascular adjustments are regulated in part by neural reflexes which operate to guarantee adequate oxygen supply and by-products washout of the exercising muscles. Moreover, they maintain adequate perfusion of the vital organs and prevent excessive increments in blood pressure. In this review, we briefly summarize neural reflexes operating during dynamic exercise with particular emphasis on their interaction.

scholarly journals How to Explore an Endocrine Cause of Hypertension

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste de Freminville ◽  
Laurence Amar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Uncontrolled Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Secondary Causes

Hypertension (HTN) is the most frequent modifiable risk factor in the world, affecting almost 30 to 40% of the adult population in the world. Among hypertensive patients, 10 to 15% have so-called “secondary” HTN, which means HTN due to an identified cause. The most frequent secondary causes of HTN are renal arteries abnormalities (renovascular HTN), kidney disease, and endocrine HTN, which are primarily due to adrenal causes. Knowing how to detect and explore endocrine causes of hypertension is particularly interesting because some causes have a cure or a specific treatment available. Moreover, the delayed diagnosis of secondary HTN is a major cause of uncontrolled blood pressure. Therefore, screening and exploration of patients at risk for secondary HTN should be a serious concern for every physician seeing patients with HTN. Regarding endocrine causes of HTN, the most frequent is primary aldosteronism (PA), which also is the most frequent cause of secondary HTN and could represent 10% of all HTN patients. Cushing syndrome and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rarer (less than 0.5% of patients). In this review, among endocrine causes of HTN, we will mainly discuss explorations for PA and PPGL.

scholarly journals Clinical and Biochemical Correlations Obesity - HDL Cholesterol- Ischemic Coronary Heart Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1765-1768
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Mavritsakis ◽  
Bogdan Virgil Cotoi ◽  
Anca Ganescu ◽  
Elena Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Central obesity is defined by increasing abdominal circumference ranging from certain limits to the characteristics of the ethnic groups of the rated person (] 94 cm for European males and] 80 cm for Euclid women). The metabolic syndrome, commonly associated with central obesity, must meet at least two of the following four criteria:increased triglyceride levels] 159 mg / dL or specific treatment for this type of dyslipidemia; Low HDL-cholesterol [40 mg / dL or specific treatment for this type of dyslipidemia;Increased blood pressure: Systolic BP �130 mm Hg or Diastolic BP �85 mm Hg, or HTA treatment previously diagnosed; High blood glucose level �100 mg / dL or type 2 diabetes diagnosed previously. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a group of lipoproteinssynthesized and secreted by hepatocytes. HDL plays an important role in the metabolism of cholesterol, participating in its transport from extrahepatic tissues to the liver for catabolism and excretion.. HDL and LDL participate in maintaining cell cholesterol levels. HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein-A values are positive atherosclerosis risk factors. The high level of HDL-C protects the patient, with a low risk of atherosclerosis HDL dosing is done for assessing the risk of coronary artery disease; diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemia. Increased body weight is associated with increased total mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease, partly mediated by increased blood pressure and cholesterol, lowering HDL-cholesterol and increasing the likelihood of diabetes.

Dopexamine Reverses the Vasopressin-Associated Impairment in Tissue Oxygen Supply but Decreases Systemic Blood Pressure in Ovine Endotoxemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Westphal ◽  
Andreas Wilhelm Sielenkämper ◽  
Hugo Van Aken ◽  
Henning Dirk Stubbe ◽  
Fritz Daudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Supply

Flammer Syndrome & Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakieh Vahedian ◽  
Maneli Mozaffarieh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Flammer Syndrome ◽  
Local Regulation ◽  
Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
Primary Vascular Dysregulation

The need of blood flow to different organs varies rapidly over time which is why there is a need for sophisticated local regulation of blood flow. The term “dysregulation” just simply means that blood flow is not properly adapted to this need. Dysregulative mechanisms can therefore lead to an over- or under-perfusion. A constant over- or under-perfusion does not normally induce long-term damage. A repeated under-perfusion, such as a repeated mild reperfusion injury, however, leads to damage. Systemic dysregulation can be primary or secondary of nature. A secondary dysregulation (SVD) is due to other diseases such as autoimmune diseases. The term Flammer Syndrome (FS) named after the famous physician J. Flammer refers to a clinical entity comprising a complex of clinical features caused mainly by dysregulation of the blood supply which has previously been called primary vascular dysregulation. People with FS tend to have cold extremities, prolonged sleep-onset time, altered drug sensitivity, low blood pressure and higher smell score, and increased retinal venous pressures as measured by means of ophthalmodynamometry. In the eye, the spatial irregularity of the retinal arteries is increased, and optic nerve head blood flow is correlated with finger blood flow indirectly indicating that the local regulation is disturbed. Blood flow is, on average, reduced in glaucoma patients, particularly in patients with normal-tension glaucoma suffering from FS, and in patients with high-tension glaucoma, which progress despite a normalized intraocular pressure (IOP). A constant reduction of blood flow (as we see in SVD) can lead to atrophy but does not contribute to glaucomatous atrophy. An increased variation of microcirculation as commonly seen in glaucoma patients with FS, however, is clearly linked to occurrence and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Oxygen supply to the eye fluctuates, either if IOP fluctuates on a high level or blood pressure on a low level or if autoregulation is disturbed. Autoregulation is disturbed in patients with primary vascular dysregulation (PVD). Unstable oxygen supply to the optic nerve head leads to oxidative stress, which in turn, leads to the production of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) which finally kills the cells. In this review, we are talking about pathogenesis of the FS and some suggested therapeutic options for it.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Simultaneous Measurement of Brain and Muscle rSO2 (Regional Oxygen Saturation) in Shock Patients: a Report of Three Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisa Muratsu ◽  
Tomoya Hirose ◽  
Mitsuo Ohnishi ◽  
Jotaro Tachino ◽  
Shunichiro Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Circulatory Failure ◽  
Shock State ◽  
Regional Oxygen Saturation ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BackgroundIn the field of emergency medical care, we often experience a situation in which we cannot measure pulse oximetric saturation (SpO₂) or blood pressure due to circulatory failure associated with shock. However, as we can measure rSO₂ values of the brain even in patients with shock, we hypothesized that we could evaluate the oxygen supply-demand balance between brain and muscle tissue by simultaneously measuring regional oxygen saturation (rSO₂) values of the brain and muscle tissue of patients with shock.Case presentationWe attached a TOS-OR rSO₂ monitor (TOSTEC CO., Tokyo, Japan) to 10 healthy volunteers and measured the rSO₂ values of their brain and muscle for 3 minutes. The rSO₂ values of their brain cerebral regional oxygen saturation (crSO₂) and muscle regional oxygen saturation (mrSO₂) were 77.6±1.6% and 76.2±1.3% (mean ± SD). There was little difference between crSO₂ and mrSO₂ (cerebro-musculoskeletal difference in regional saturation of oxygen; c-mDrSO₂). However, there were discernible amount of c-mDrSO₂ in three cases with shock, Case 1 showed a prolonged shock state due to septic shock caused by bacterial pneumonia. Her crSO₂ values was always higher than her mrSO₂ value, and there was a c-mDrSO₂. Case 2 showed a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) with the development of septic shock caused by intestinal perforation. His crSO₂ value was higher than that of his mrSO₂, and c-mDrSO₂ increased with the decrease of his MAP. Case 3 had a low MAP due to hemorrhagic shock caused by postpartum hemorrhage. Her crSO₂ value was higher than that of her mrSO₂ and a c-mDrSO₂ was present. After resuscitation, the c-mDrSO₂ decreased with the increase in her blood pressure.ConclusionWe evaluated the usefulness of simultaneous measurement of crSO₂ and mrSO₂ as an objective and non-invasive method in shock management. Even if SpO₂ or blood pressure could not be measured due to circulatory failure associated with shock, it was possible to measure the values of crSO₂ and mrSO₂, which changed in real time with fluctuation of the blood pressure. Unlike previous monitoring devices, the rSO₂ monitor may continuously and clearly reflect the changes in local oxygen supply-demand balance.

FRACTAL MODEL OF BLOOD VESSEL SYSTEM

Fractals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAAN KALDA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Generation Number ◽  
Self Similar

A possible way of modeling of self-similar biological tree-like structures is proposed. Special attention is paid to the blood-vessel system, with elaboration on a model with certain spatial arrangement of the vessels and reasonable dependence of the blood pressure on the vessels diameter, such that the organism has a homogeneous oxygen supply. A model of the lung is also presented, which reproduces a qualitatively right dependence of the average diameter of the tubes on their generation number. The model of the blood-vessel system is based on suitably generalized Scheidegger’s model of rivers. The statistical characteristics of the modified Scheidegger’s model are established.

Management of sudden deafness

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Noninvasive Treatment ◽  
Factors Influencing

Measurements according to the polarographic principle in cats have shown that the factors influencing the perilymphatic oxygen tension are the arterial Pco2, the arterial Po2, and the systemic blood pressure. In patients with sudden deafness, the oxygen supply to the vestibular tissues is significantly reduced but the response to carbogen is still possible. The vasodilation induced by carbogen in sudden deafness is not accompanied by a reduction (stealing effect) but by an increase of perilymphatic oxygenation. Therefore carbogen inhalation was used for the treatment of sudden deafness. In a prospective randomized study, carbogen inhalation yielded significantly better results than the intravenous infusion of papaverine and low-molecular dextran. Carbogen inhalation is recommended for the effective, noninvasive treatment of sudden deafness.

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