Ethanol-induced Changes in Proenkephalin mRNA Expression in the Rat Nigrostriatal Pathway

Running wheel access and resulting voluntary exercise alter food intake and reduce body weight. The neural mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. In this study, we first assessed the effects of 7 days of running wheel access on food intake, body weight, and hypothalamic gene expression. We demonstrate that running wheel access significantly decreases food intake and body weight and results in a significant elevation of CRF mRNA expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) but not the paraventricular nucleus. Seven-day running wheel access also results in elevated arcuate nucleus and DMH neuropeptide Y gene expression. To assess a potential role for elevated DMH CRF activity in the activity-induced changes in food intake and body weight, we compared changes in food intake, body weight, and hypothalamic gene expression in rats receiving intracerebroventricular (ICV) CRF antagonist α-helical CRF or vehicle with or without access to running wheels. During a 4-day period of running wheel access, we found that exercise-induced reductions of food intake and body weight were significantly attenuated by ICV injection of the CRF antagonist. The effect on food intake was specific to a blockade of activity-induced changes in meal size. Central CRF antagonist injection further increased DMH CRF mRNA expression in exercised rats. Together, these data suggest that DMH CRF play a critical role in the anorexia resulting from increased voluntary exercise.

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Investigation of induced changes in interleukin 1β mRNA expression by cultured human dendritic cells as an in vitro approach to skin sensitization testing

Toxicology in Vitro ◽

10.1016/s0887-2333(00)00030-8 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

J.S Pichowski ◽

M Cumberbatch ◽

R.J Dearman ◽

D.A Basketter ◽

I Kimber

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Skin Sensitization ◽

Human Dendritic Cells ◽

Induced Changes

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Migration- and exercise-induced changes to flight muscle size in migratory birds and association with IGF1 and myostatin mRNA expression

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.057620 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 214 (17) ◽

pp. 2823-2831 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

E. R. Price ◽

U. Bauchinger ◽

D. M. Zajac ◽

D. J. Cerasale ◽

J. T. McFarlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Flight Muscle ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Induced Changes

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Adrenal secretion of BAM-22P, a potent opioid peptide, is enhanced in rats with acute cholestasis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.2.g201 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (2) ◽

pp. G201-G205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. G. Swain ◽

L. MacArthur ◽

J. Vergalla ◽

E. A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Opioid Peptide ◽

Endogenous Opioids ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Opioid Agonist ◽

Opioid Activity ◽

Proenkephalin Mrna ◽

Adrenal Secretion ◽

Acute Cholestasis

The adrenal gland is known to produce and release endogenous opioids into the circulation. Bovine adrenal medulla docosapeptide (BAM-22P) is a potent opioid agonist, derived from the proenkephalin A gene, which is present in the adrenal medulla. This study was undertaken to determine whether BAM-22P is released into plasma during acute cholestatic liver injury, which increases plasma total opioid activity. Acute cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation or administration of the hepatotoxin alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. Plasma levels of BAM-22P were determined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay, and the specificity of the assay was confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma BAM-22P levels was cholestatic rats were significantly higher than those in control rats. This increase in plasma BAM-22P levels was completely prevented by adrenalectomy. Adrenal steady-state levels of proenkephalin mRNA, as determined by Northern blot hybridization analyses, were also increased significantly in cholestatic rats. These increases in proenkephalin mRNA levels were not paralleled by changes in adrenal BAM-22P peptide levels, which were similar in cholestatic rats and their respective controls. Similar levels of proenkephalin mRNA expression were observed in innervated and denervated adrenal glands from cholestatic rats, suggesting that the increase in adrenal proenkephalin mRNA levels in acute cholestasis is not due to splanchnic nerve activation. Thus acute cholestasis in the rat is associated with adrenal secretion and accumulation in plasma of the highly potent opioid peptide BAM-22P and an augmentation of adrenal proenkephalin mRNA expression. The increase in plasma BAM-22P levels may contribute substantially to the increase in total circulating opioid activity documented in cholestatic rats.

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Effects of cycle stage on regionalised galanin, galanin receptors 1–3, GNRH and GNRH receptor mRNA expression in the ovine hypothalamus

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-11-0352 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 212 (3) ◽

pp. 353-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christine Margaret Whitelaw ◽

Jane Elizabeth Robinson ◽

Peter Mark Hastie ◽

Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽

Neil Price Evans

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Positive Feedback ◽

Galanin Receptor ◽

Feedback Effects ◽

Model Following ◽

Receptor Isoforms ◽

Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Galanin Receptors

The neurotransmitter galanin has been implicated in the steroidogenic regulation of reproduction based on work mainly conducted in rodents. This study investigated the temporal changes in the expression of galanin and its three receptor isoforms andGNRHandGNRHRmRNA in specific hypothalamic nuclei known to be involved in the regulation of reproductive cyclicity, namely the medial pre-optic area (mPOA), the rostral mPOA/organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the paraventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus using an ovine model. Following synchronisation of their oestrous cycles, tissues were collected from ewes at five time points: the early follicular, mid follicular (MF) and late follicular phases and the early luteal and mid luteal phases. The results indicated significant differences in regional expression of most of the genes studied, with galanin mRNA expression being highest during the MF phase at the start of the GNRH/LH surge and the expression of the three galanin receptor (GalR) isoforms and GNRH and its receptor highest during the luteal phase. These findings are consistent with a role for galanin in the positive feedback effects of oestradiol (E2) on GNRH secretion and a role for progesterone induced changes in the pattern of expression of GalRs in the regulation of the timing of E2's positive feedback through increased sensitivity of galanin-sensitive systems to secreted galanin.

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