Convergence of Goals: Phylogenetical, Morphological, and Physiological Characterization of Tolerance to Drought Stress in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Salehi ◽  
Hassan Salehi ◽  
Ali Niazi ◽  
Cyrus Ghobadi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Physiological Characterization

scholarly journals 475 Performance of Koelaria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes `Barkoel' and Low Maintenance Turfgrass Species for Orchard Floor Management

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 476A-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Willmott ◽  
E.T. Foster ◽  
R. Pavis ◽  
J.L. Frecon
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Vertical Growth Rate ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Peach Orchard

Various turfgrass species and cultivars are utilized for orchard floor management. Selection and establishment of low-maintenance species compatible with site conditions results in less need for mowing, fertilizing, and pesticide applications. Koelaria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes is a new turfgrass species that has demonstrated outstanding low-maintenance characteristics. This study evaluated the only commercially available cultivar `Barkoel' and three other species, including Festuca arundinacea Schreb (tall fescue), Festuca rubra L. ssp. falax Thuill (chewings fescue), and Festuca longifolia auct. non Thuill (hard fescue). Turf was seeded in a commercial peach orchard in Oct. 1996 and evaluated through Oct. 1999. After 3 years, the hard fescue cultivars had the best quality, with excellent density and low weed populations. Chewings fescue also had good density and few weeds. Tall fescue had good density, but more weeds than the hard and chewings fescues. Koelaria macrantha `Barkoel' had unacceptable quality, with poor density and the highest weed populations. The fine fescues, hard and chewings, suffered damage from orchard maintenance equipment. Damage was most severe during heat and drought stress in Summer 1999. Growers should limit equipment traffic on hard and chewings fescues during heat and drought stress. Tall fescue showed no significant damage from equipment, but it demonstrated a faster vertical growth rate. This increases the need for mowing. Koelaria macrantha `Barkoel' was not damaged by equipment. While Koelaria had the least density and most weeds after 3 years, it has performed well in our other tests. Higher seeding rates or modifications in seedbed preparation may improve density and reduce weed infestations.

scholarly journals 278 Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Diverse Tall Fescue Cultivars in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 490C-490
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Hongwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Relative Water

To investigate shoot physiological responses to drought stress of six tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars representing several generations of turfgrass improvement, forage-type `Kentucky-31', turf-type `Phoenix', `Phoenix', and `Houndog V', and dwarf-type `Rebel Jr` and `Bonsai' were grown in well-watered or drying soil for 35 days in a greenhouse. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), relative water content (RWC), and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined during drought progression in all cultivars, but the time and the severity of reductions varied with cultivars and physiological factors. Pn, RWC, gs, and Tr decreased significantly for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' when soil water content declined to 20% after 9 days of treatment (DOT) and for `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' when soil water content dropped to 10% at 15 DOT. A significant decrease in Fv/Fm was not observed in drought-stressed plants until 21 DOT for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' and 28 DOT for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II'. The decline in Pn was due mostly to internal water deficit and stomatal closure under short-term or mild drought-stress conditions. After a prolonged period of drought (35 DOT), higher Pn in `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' could be attributed to their higher Fv/Fm.

Morpho-physiological responses to dehydration stress of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Shahidi ◽  
Junko Yoshida ◽  
Mathias Cougnon ◽  
Dirk Reheul ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dehydration Stress ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

Worldwide drought stress is the most important restriction factor on food and fodder productivity. In this study, morpho-physiological adaptations to dehydration stress were investigated in two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) genotypes (Fa13 and Fa19 with a high and low sheep grazing preference respectively) and Lolium perenne L. Drought stress as evaluated by decreasing stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fructan concentration were first observed in L. perenne (16 days after the start of the drought stress). Furthermore, after 20 days of drought stress the activities of ascorbate peroxide (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced in stressed plants indicating that the capacity to scavenge ROS diminished under severe stress though no differences between genotypes were observed. Osmotic adjustment by carbohydrates did also not differ between the genotypes. Proline, however, reached its highest level in drought-stressed L. perenne followed by Fa13 and Fa19 respectively. The studied species showed a similar degree in response in the traits assessed when plants were exposed to dehydration stress; however changes were first observed in L. perenne.

Identification and characterization of the part of the bacterial community associated with field-grown tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cv. SFRO Don Tomás in Uruguay

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia de los Santos ◽  
Cecilia Taulé ◽  
Cintia Mareque ◽  
Martin Beracochea ◽  
Federico Battistoni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Water Relations and Photosynthetic Responses to Drought Stress and Recovery during Rewatering in Tall Fescue

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Jingjin Yu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hydration Status

Water availability for plant growth is becoming increasingly limited, whereas rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration may have interactive effects with drought stress. The objectives of this study were to determine whether elevated CO2 would mitigate drought-induced water deficit and photosynthesis inhibition and enhance recovery from drought damages on rewatering and to determine whether the mitigating effects during drought stress and the recovery in photosynthesis during rewatering by elevated CO2 were the result of the regulation of stomatal movement or carboxylation activities in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rembrandt). Plants were grown in controlled-environment chambers with ambient CO2 concentration (400 μmol·mol−1) or elevated CO2 concentration (800 μmol·mol−1) and maintained well watered (control) or subjected to drought stress and subsequently rewatered. Elevated CO2 reduced stomatal conductance (gS) and transpiration rate of leaves during both drought stress and rewatering. Osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar content were enhanced by elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 enhanced net photosynthetic rate with lower gS but higher Rubisco and Rubisco activase activities during both drought and rewatering. The results demonstrated that elevated CO2 could improve leaf hydration status and photosynthesis during both drought stress and rewatering, and the recovery in photosynthesis from drought damages on rewatering was mainly the result of the elimination of metabolic limitation from drought damages associated with carboxylation enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Nutrient Accumulation and Associated Root Characteristics in Response to Drought Stress in Tall Fescue Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
K Concentration

Drought is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrasses in many areas. The functional relationship of drought stress and accumulation of various ions in turfgrasses is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on root growth and accumulation of several major nutrients in three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars varying in drought tolerance (Falcon II = Houndog V > Rebel Jr). Grasses were grown in well-watered or drying (nonirrigated) soil for 35 days in a greenhouse. Drought conditions limited total root length to a greater extent for `Rebel Jr' than for `Falcon II' and `Houndog V', while specific root length (SRL) was greater in `Falcon II' and `Houndog V' than in `Rebel Jr'. Concentrations of N, P, and Mg decreased, whereas those of K, Ca, and Fe increased, in shoots of drought-stressed plants of all three cultivars. Root N was not affected, but root P decreased in `Rebel Jr', and root K decreased in all three cultivars under drought conditions. Drought reduced the proportions of N and P in shoots and increased those in roots, while increasing the proportion of K in shoots and decreasing that in roots. During drought stress, both `Falcon II' and `Houndog V' maintained higher K concentration in shoots, and `Falcon II' in roots, than did `Rebel Jr', but `Rebel Jr' and `Houndog V' had higher Fe concentration in shoots than did `Falcon II'. The higher K and lower Fe accumulations in shoots could contribute to better drought tolerance of tall fescue cultivars.

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