Enhanced Neuroprotection of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA)-Loaded O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles Through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways

During the last few years, a significant number of studies have attempted to clarify the underlying mechanisms that lead to the presentation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation is a key component of the pathophysiological processes that lead to the development of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, in tandem, AF increases the inflammatory state. Indeed, the plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with AF. In addition, the levels of specific inflammatory biomarkers may provide information regarding to the AF duration. Several small studies have assessed the role of anti-inflammatory treatment in atrial fibrillation but the results have been contradictory. Large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the role of inflammation in AF and whether anti-inflammatory medications should be routinely administered to patients with AF.

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Smart flame retardant coating containing carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles decorated graphene for obtaining multifunctional textiles

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-021-03833-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emad S. Goda ◽

Mahmoud H. Abu Elella ◽

Sang Eun Hong ◽

Bidhan Pandit ◽

Kuk Ro Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan

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Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13070991 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 991

Author(s):

Melanie S. Matos ◽

José D. Anastácio ◽

Cláudia Nunes dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Physiological State ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inflammatory Pathways ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Molecules

Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.

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The effect of doxycycline-containing chitosan/carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles on NLRP3 inflammasome in periodontal disease

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 116163

Author(s):

Shuo Xu ◽

Qihui Zhou ◽

Zhongxin Jiang ◽

Yanwen Wang ◽

Kai Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan

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Activation of Endothelial Pro-resolving Anti-Inflammatory Pathways by Circulating Microvesicles from Non-muscular Myosin Light Chain Kinase-Deficient Mice

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2016.00322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abderahim Gaceb ◽

Luisa Vergori ◽

M. C. Martinez ◽

Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina

Keyword(s):

Light Chain ◽

Myosin Light Chain Kinase ◽

Myosin Light Chain ◽

Inflammatory Pathways ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Deficient Mice

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Immunomodulatory role of paliperidone in the poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.541 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. s220-s221

Author(s):

K. MacDowell ◽

E. Munarriz-Cuezva ◽

D. Martín-Hernández ◽

A. Sayd ◽

B. García-Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Poly I:C ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Behavioral Test ◽

Inflammatory Pathways ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cellular Markers ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

IntroductionAlterations on the innate inflammatory response may underlie the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, but the mechanisms implicated remain elusive. Current antipsychotics modulate pro/anti-inflammatory pathways, but the specific mechanisms involved remain elusive. One attractive possibility is the regulation of the intracellular signalling pathways of the innate immune receptors Toll-like 3 (TLR3), which triggers antiviral and inflammatory responses.AimsTo elucidate the regulatory role of paliperidone on maternal immune activation (MIA) induced alterations on TLR3 pathway and on the two emerging endogenous antiinflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms NRF2/antioxidant enzymes pathway and the cytokine milieu regulating M1/M2 polarization in microglia.MethodsPregnant mice were treated with the synthetic Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist Poly(I:C) in gestational day 9 and chronically treated with paliperidone (0,05 mg/kg i.p.) in adult offspring. Animals were sacrificed one day after treatment and behavioral test. Inflammation oxidative stress-related mediators were analysed at mRNA and protein level in prefrontal cortex samples. In addition, behavioral test t-maze was conducted.ResultsPaliperidone prevented TLR3 pathway activation and the subsequent MIA-induced neuroinflammatory response. Also, paliperidone induced an increment in the activity and protein expression of nuclear NRF2, as well as increased mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes HO1, SOD and catalase in the MIA model. Otherwise, paliperidone increases the antiinflammatory cytokines levels TGFβ and IL-10 in favour of a M2 microglia profile and increased the levels of the M2 cellular markers ArgI and FOLR2.ConclusionsThe modulation of neuroinflammation and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways by current and new antipsychotics could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for the future.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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