scholarly journals Evolutionary Map of the Universe: Tracing Clusters to High Red-shift

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray P. Norris ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Shift ◽  
The Universe

State finder and Om diagnostics in modified and generalised Chaplygin gas from recent data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Chaplygin Gas ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Om Diagnostic ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Jerk Parameter

A modified and generalised Chaplygin gas (MCG, [Formula: see text] and GCG, [Formula: see text]) has been separately chosen here as a constituent of the universe. Concept of state finder and Om diagnostics are introduced to track the dark energy in the models. Here, observed Hubble data (OHD) and binned Pantheon data of supernovae are used to determine the best-fit equation-of-state (EoS) parameters of these models and these are compared with the [Formula: see text]CDM model. The best-fit value and expected values of cosmological jerk parameter [Formula: see text], snap parameter [Formula: see text] are determined, which are close to each other. A plot of [Formula: see text] with red-shift, with themselves, as well as with deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], shows the evolution of the universe and its possible future. Variations of [Formula: see text] and EoS parameter [Formula: see text] with red-shift show acceleration–deceleration phase transition in the recent past. Lastly, the state finder pair [Formula: see text] and Om diagnostic have been utilized to discriminate the models.

scholarly journals New mechanism for the cosmological red-shift explaining: non-observation of dark energy, large-number- coincidence and the cosmic coincidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hasmukh K. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Well ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
The Universe

<p>Accepting Einstein’s General Relativity Theory, that the changes in the gravitational field can propagate at the speed of light, it is proposed here that: before an electron in an atom emits a photon, the energy (<em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>) of the photon was a part of total energy of the atom; contributing to establish the gravitational-field around the atom. As soon as an electron in that atom emits a photon of energy <em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>, and the photon starts moving away from the atom, the gravitational-field around the atom partly reduces, proportional to the photon’s energy <em>h f<sub>0</sub></em>, and this wave of ‘reduced gravitational field’ propagates radially-outwards at the speed of light. And a part of energy of the photon gets spent in “filling” the ‘gravitational potential-well’ produced by its energy, when it was a part of energy of the atom. From the derivation presented here we find that the energy spent by the photon to “fill” the ‘gravitational potential-well’, during its inter-galactic journey manifests as the ‘cosmological red-shift’. And the so called ‘total-mass-of-the-universe'’ and ‘radius-of-the-universe'’ are just mathematically-equivalent mass and distance arising while converting electrostatic potential-energy into gravitational potential-energy. This is the reason why we find the large-number-coincidence (LNC). And since there is no expansion of the universe, there is no ‘cosmic coincidence’, that why only in this epoch we find the ‘large-number-coincidence’!</p>

scholarly journals Is the expansion of universe accelerating or the Photons decelerating?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hasmukh Tank
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Pi Mesons ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

<p>Astronomical observations of the cosmological red-shift are currently interpreted in terms of ‘expansion of universe’ and ‘accelerated-expansion of the universe’, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>; here <em>H<sub>0</sub></em> is Hubble’s constant, and c is the speed of light. Whereas a straight-forward derivation presented here suggests that: rather it is the photon which is decelerating, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>. Such a deceleration of photons can be caused by virtual electrons, positrons and pi-mesons, contained in the extra galactic quantum vacuum, because: they do have gravitational-acceleration of the same order as <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em> at their “surfaces”; or by decay of a photon into a lighter photon and a particle of mass <em>h H<sub>0</sub> / c<sup>2</sup></em>. Tired-light interpretations of the cosmological red-shift’ were so far considered as not compatible with the observations of ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’; so in a paper titled: “Wave-theoretical insight into the relativistic ‘length-contraction’ and ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’” (Tank, Hasmukh K. 2013), it has been already shown that any mechanism which can cause ‘cosmological red-shift’ will also cause ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’.  Therefore, we now need not to remain confined to the Big-Bang model of cosmology.</p>

scholarly journals A Tentative Explanation of Cosmological Red Shift

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
T. Chang ◽  
D. G. Torr
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Background Field ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Damped Oscillations ◽  
Simple Alternative ◽  
Tentative Explanation ◽  
The Universe

AbstractIn this paper we suggest a possible alternative explanation of cosmological red shift. We consider that there exists a background field in the universe, and that light (the photon) has an extremely weak interaction with this background, and as result, experiences an energy loss. By analogy with damped oscillations, we introduce a dumping term with the first derivative with respect to time in the wave equation. The solution yields a linearly reduced freguency of the light with travel distance. The purpose of this exercise is to demonstrate how a simple alternative interpretation of the Hubble relation can be generated.

Spectral redshift does not imply an accelerating expansion of the universe

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Laskaroudis
Keyword(s):  
Red Shift ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Spectral Redshift

Spectra received from faraway heavenly objects display a redshift. In this paper, it is shown that there is a moment in time tx at which time the red shift has its minimum value. This moment is different for every object and depends on the distance of the emission from the gravity center of the object. So from the time of the creation of the object and up until the time tx, the red shift is decreasing and from that moment on it is increasing while the object, due to the expansion of the universe, continues to move away with decreasing speed. Due to the change of the red shift from decreasing to increasing, it is possible to observe faraway supernovas with a brightness that is less than what is expected. This observation leads to the erroneous conclusion that the universe is expanding with acceleration. Finally, an explanation is given to the fact that the number of quasars is decreasing in time.

scholarly journals Optical Illusion by Red Shif

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
System A ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

If all the stars outside our galaxy show the same red shift and pretend expansion of the universe, then it’s probably up to us. We know that the Milky Way is contracting. We expect a blue shift, which we cannot see. Instead of the blue shift, the stars of the Milky Way can be seen as fixed stars. The reason is that the distance is given in meters and decreases as much as the speed of light measured in meters per second. Although in our system a change in the speed of light is neither measurable nor observable, but it seems to be working.

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